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(FI|^ Maditn? (gunners 

of 
{Twenty -ninth) 



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LIEUT.- COL. MILLARD E. TYDINGS 

(FormeT Division Machine Gun Officer) 
29th Division, American Expeditionary Forces 



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CONTENTS 

Page 

Dedication 3 

Poem, "The Volunteer" 4 

Foreword 5 

Organization of Blue and Gray Division 6 

France 7 

The Front 10 

The Defense of the Sector 13 

Harrassing Fire 17 

Raiding 20 

From Alsace to Verdun 24 

The Meuse-Argonne 29 

The Attack on Etrayes Ridge 34 

Butcher and Keating 39 

During the Verdun Offensive 41 

Poem, "France" 44 

Summary of Activities , 45 

Roster of the Machine Gun Units 48 






Dedicated to 
OUR DEAD 

Those valorous comrades 
who lie on the hills and in 
the vales and fields beneath 
the w^ooden crosses of honor. 



©tj^ Unlunte^r 



Oh give me the heart that my fathers had 

When they breasted the combing foam, 
On a miniature ship, with unconquerable grit, 

To fathom the trackless unknown; 
Oh give me their love for the gambling chance, 

To strive with o'erwhelming odds. 
To swing the red blade that my fathers swung, 

Defying the will of the Gods. 

Oh give me the heart that my mothers had 

With its truth and its sacrifice. 
That carries the sunlight of cheeriest days 

Into the darkest depths of the nights; 
Oh make me the lad that she meant me to be. 

Courageous, upstanding and right; 
Oh give me that heart of all hearts that's hers 

That gives for its own — its life. 

Ah make of my heart a castle of strength, 

And a will that refuses defeat; 
That carries me into the battlefield's din 

As though 'twere on winged feet; 
With a soul that rises exultantly 

And a spirit that leaps from within, 
That smiles through the valleys of dread and doubt 

Defiant, determined to win. 

Then give me the view of the mountain peak 

With a starlight sky high above, 
And give me the heart of a maiden fair 

Pulsing with radiant love ; 
Then give me the time to test my worth 

Where naught but the fittest prevail, 
Then give me a cross and a mound of earth 
If with these, Oh Fate — I fail. 



FOREWORD 



My story is here. It must, of necessity, 
touch but very briefly upon the lives of the 
Machine Gunners of the 29th Division; for, on 
these few pages is but a small part of the 
romance, comedy and tragedy that embraced 
our service in France as a part of the American 
Expeditionary Force. The larger part of the 
myriad of incidences that occurred during those 
strenuous times no mortal hand will ever chron- 
icle; nor, is there a person within the four corn- 
ers of the earth who can paint in naked words 
the happenings Over There. 

You who have lived through those days 
and nights making the best of the rain, cold and 
mud, who saw the bursting of the shell and the 
fall of a comrade need no poor effort of mine 
to keep alive those memories. 

But, if in reminiscence, in the after year, 
as casually you scan these pages and there 
between the lines of type you see again those 
waves of glory, fire swept; those escheloned 
ranks of the flower of America's manhood push- 
ing on ; and hearing the sighing whistle of 
falling shell, or the rat-tat-tat of the machine 
gun you think of one of those who fell bravely 
in the fray, or of some living comrade bound 
to your memory by never to be broken ties, or 
of me; then will my tale be not in vain. 



Organization of the Blue and Gray Division 



llOth MACHINE GUN BATTALION 
Company "A" 
Company "B" 



111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 
Company "A" 
Company "B" 
Company "C" 
Company "D" 



112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 
Company "A" 
Company "B" 
Company "C" 
Company "D" 



113th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY 
114th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY 
115th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY 
116th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY 



FRANCE 

The harbor at Brest, France, is beautiful. A long, tapering 
finger of water points inland from the Atlantic and from it on 
either side verdant hills roll their picturesque undulations over 
the horizon. Old castles and forts, many of which have lost 
their usefulness long since, reach from water level to hill top; 
and, by design, which savors of the middle ages, offer mute evi- 
dence of the importance of this sea center in times of yore. In 
some of these, modern fighting equipment has been installed; 
or is built adjacent thereto. A few fishing craft sleepily ply up 
and down the waterway going to or coming from the ocean be- 
yond. Modern destroyers and submarines of American and 
French nativity are ranked in stream or behind the shelter of 
the breakwaters awaiting their turn for sea duty. Save for these 
modern war machines, the atmosphere is one of tranquility. 

My story of the Machine Gunners of the Blue and Gray 
Division commences when our convoy of big liners, each troop 
laden from keel to funnel top, slipped into and dropped anchor 
in this ancient and historic harbor. Thousands of olive drab 
figures crowded the decks drinking deeply the vintage of the 
first realization of their dreams. From every point of vantage 
each detail of the people and country was closely studied. 

A darkey soldier from Dixieland, who happened to be gaz- 
ing over the harbor from the deck of one of the ships, and who 
noted a French sailor languidly fishing in a dory near by, shout- 
ed the following to his European ally: "Good lawd, man! Here 
Fse come fo'ty thousand miles to help you out and here you is 
a fishin'." 

As the rumble of the anchor chains rang out, variegated 
craft came out from shore and alongside of us. An American 
ofl[icer in a smart motorboat shouted up orders to prepare for 
debarkation and everyone made haste his preparations for de- 
parture. Soon these ferries were hurrying back and forth 
transporting their human cargoes with all their miscellaneous 
impedimenta to land; each heart thereon exhuberant and ex- 
ultant with all the expectancy of youth. 

It was only a little while before all were anhore except the 
police details left behind to make things aboard shipshape. On 
the docks a group of street urchins formed an informal recep- 
tion committee to greet us; and, to show their hearty welcome, 
strained their juvenile voices with the inspiring melody of 
"Hail! Hail! the Gang's All Here," which they had quickly 
learned from the Yanks arriving previously. As we formed 
ranks and went quickly swinging through the streets of Brest 



8 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

to a camp a few miles distant, these little fellows kept steady 
pace by our sides with requests for souvenirs interspersed with 
their singing. 

Brest is completely paved with, and its houses are all con- 
structed of, stone or brick. Here and there the fronts have been 
repaired by the application of a coat of plaster. Dingy signs 
painted in black were spread in straight letters over its business 
places. The buildings are low; and, in spite of its rather large 
population its tallest edifice is perhaps six stories. Its builders 
were of decades and centuries long since passed. Quaintness 
lends it charm. Modernity of building, convenience and sanita- 
tion are absent. The French folk were not neatly attired; 
rather, they were comfortably garbed. A note of tenaciousness 
to ancient custom was apparent in the wide brim, low crown 
hats worn by some of its neighboring country folk. A few 
dusty little street cars intermittently circulated its rambling 
thoroughfares. 

After plodding along rough streets and dusty roads, where 
subdued excitement made the task an easy one, we arrived in 
a field at a huge barrack where shelter tents were pitched. 
Hardly, however, had camp been made, before surreptitious 
A. W. O. L.'s 1 slipped away to town anxious to explore at once 
the wonders of this new land ; for, who had not an almost irre- 
sistible desire to rush headlong into the mysteries of the months 
to come. Romance ! Every heart beat to the rhythm of the 
songs of the valorous adventure. 

For the next three days we remained in the vicinity of 
Brest, cleaning up, getting our baggage and unloading the com- 
bat equipment from the transports. During this time every one 
spent all the time possible in the city. Campaign hats disap- 
peared and the oversea's cap was quickly donned, while the 
officers without further orders strutted around in Sam Browne 
belts. Nearly every Machine Gunner made it a point to eat a 
French dinner and drink some French wine during our brief stay 
here. 

Finally, came orders to move. Boarding our first European 
coaches, which were third class, and I might add very third 
class at that, we pulled out from Brest for parts unknown. On 
this forty-eight hour jaunt we ate such rations as had been 
given us and what little food we could buy enroute. Many a 
doughboy learned his "mercie beaucoup" - and "combien" ^ on 
this trip. When nothing else was available we feasted on bread 
and coffee with "vin ordinaire" ^ for desert. Spirits were high 
in all of us, and could be purchased cheaply outside. This was 
frequently done. 

Our journey took us through the show district of France, 
the beautiful Toulaine country. Green meadows stretched to 



1 A. W. O. L. — Away without leave. 

2 Mercie beaucoup — Many thanks. 

3 Combien — How much. 

4 Vin ordinaire — Ordinary wine. 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 9 

the horizon. Peeping out of the many beautiful groves, majes- 
tic chateaux looked down beautiful drives, artistically laid out 
by some master hand of landscape gardening. Silvery brooks 
unfolded their winding courses greatly animating an almost 
still picture. Finally, after passing through the cities of Nevers, 
Tours and Dijon, we arrived at the little town of Prauthoy, in 
Haute Marne, whose gentle rolling hills and restful scenes at 
once found favor in our eyes. From this center the various ma- 
chine gun units were distributed and billeted in nearby towns. 

Here we soon became settled and went in for our final 
"pepping up" before taking part in the big show. Immediately 
all the machine gun captains and two sergeants from each of 
the fourteen companies were sent off to school at Chatilon-sur- 
Seine, to learn the very last word about barrages, angles of dis- 
tribution, indirect fire and clearances. 

The companies all undertook intensive schedules; for, all 
realized it was the last training we would have before we went 
in. Orders to move were expected daily. Every man was told 
"to shake a foot" or "snap out of it." Drills! Manouvers! Tar- 
get Practice Study! How every one did tackle those machine 
guns. Blindfolded we took down each piece and part and 
blindfolded reassembled them. Mules we groomed, groomed, 
groomed. Carts were packed and unpacked; belts loaded and 
unloaded. Every man took an earnest interest in his work. 
There were no laggards to prod. In the very intensity of those 
final preparations there was a tolerant impatience, the hope, 
the desire to swing the red blades of real action. 

At night everyone wrote letters home narrating his expe- 
rience and impressions and describing in detail his scrumptuous 
apartments in Monsieur's hayloft, of the old-fashioned beds, how 
the women worked in the fields, and usually a little sentimental 
stuff for the sweetheart, which was camouflaged for modesty's 
sake, the writer knowing his superior officer would have to 
censor it. 

During our brief stay in the training area we had assimi- 
lated some of the spirit of France which causes every one to 
look upon war as an accepted fact, to make the best of its un- 
toward circumstances and to take all the pleasure from the 
gloomy atmosphere that conditions will permit. Consequently, 
when opportunity offered everyone explored all the neighbor- 
ing villages, educating himself in what, to us, often seemed the 
strangest of manners and customs. On the whole, our stay in 
this area was interesting and agreeable and the French people 
in and about Prauthoy were exceptionally pleasant. On the 
Fourth of July we held patriotic exercises of a solemn and in- 
spiring nature. Chaplain McLaughlin, of the 112th Machine 
Gun battalion, a fluent French speaker, finished these cere- 
monies at Occey, where the 112th was quartered, by speaking 
to the French of the villages in their native tongue. 



THE FRONT 



It was during the Franco-German War, of 1870, that the 
City of Belfort became immortal. Although the Germans tried 
earnestly to take it, so valiantly did the French resist their ef- 
forts that it did not fall into the enemy hands. At the conclu- 
sion of that struggle when France ceded to Germany Alsace 
and Lorraine, Belfort, largely because of its heroic defense, 
remained in French territory, though very close to the new Ger- 
man frontier. 

It is significant that our division first entered the lines in 
Alsace, virtually in front of this historic city. Since the first 
year of the World War the battle lines in Alsace had remained 
stationary. The villages in this territory, however, portrayed 
the scars of war and offered mute evidence of the advance and 
retreat of the opposing armies as well as the intensity of the 
conflict. Some of the homes near the front were mere stone 
piles, pounded to pieces by artillery in an effort to dislodge the 
troops seeking shelter therein or to win commanding ground. 
When the two armies finally intrenched there was no further 
movement forward or rearward. Those civilians who had fled 
at the approach of the armies had returned; and, repairing 
their homes had taken up again the thread of their lives. Vivid 
were the tales they told of these early happenings. Of course, 
those villages in and very close to the front were deserted. 
Incessant shelling of several years had greatly altered their 
appearance. They were little more than heaps of debris. Yet, 
within two miles of our front trenches the farmers went about 
harvesting their crops. By an implied understanding, the Ger- 
man fire was confined to things military behind our lines, "and 
this plan was adopted by the Allies behind the German lines. 
In other sections of the front the civilian was not so much con- 
sidered. 

Our front was called Center Sector, Haute-Alsace. In these 
trenches we found veteran French comrades who were eager 
with the counsel of experience to assist and make successful 
our induction. The Poilu had been under arms since 1914, 
going nonchalantly about their duties they never lost sight of 
the fact thatthose trenches were the real frontiers of France. 



TTTK riTATK AND ORAY DTVTSTON H 

These veteran troops held the trenches jointly with us for a 
short period until we became acclimated as it were, and had 
assimilated enough knowledge to defend them efficiently. 

Finally, all French troops withdrew and turned the lines 
over to us as our very own. Troops held the front lines, others 
occupied support positions and still others were placed in re- 
serve areas. These forces alternated from front to support 
and reserve, giving each outfit about two weeks of duty in each 
line. 

Troops ate in the trenches, their food being carried in 
huge buckets to them from the kitchens, hidden here and there 
in the woods and villages. Men ate and slept in the trenches, 
were paid in the trenches arid soon became cogs in the trench 
machine. 

Our front line trenches and the enemy's ran through this 
territory in an irregular manner, seeking to take advantage of 
the villages, woods, canals, and particularly the high terrain. 
The distance between the opposing lines varied from a hundred 
yards at the very closest point to perhaps a mile, according to 
the military advantages of the ground. From the front line 
trenches at intervals small trenches reached into No Man's 
Land. These were called the "p. p's," which was trench jargon 
for "petite poste," and in reality each was simply a listening 
post. Small forces were sent out in each of these from sunset 
to sunrise and a still smaller force often occupied tnem during 
the day. 

From our front other trenches zig-zaged back to our sup- 
port and reserve lines. This whole trench scheme being so 
devised as to permit troops to occupy and withdraw from the 
lines without being seen, as well as to afford protection in case 
of shelling. Such roads as were near the front were heavily 
camouflaged. This was effected by erecting burlap painted and 
placed on wire framing in continuous sheets on both sides of 
the road. These screens were about twelve feet high. Then 
too, from the top of this screening at every fi-fty yards or so, 
strips of burlap four feet wide were hung apron fashion across 
the roads, making it difficult to see down them from aeroplanes 
or balloons. When shelling damaged these affairs they were, 
of course, rebuilt anew. 

Peeping through a fissure in a parapet one could see No 
Man's Land. It would be the last land for some — for whom? 
Reaching away from our trenches towards the enemy it had 
the appearance of a city dumping ground without any of the 
rubbish. Shell holes made by falling artillery projectiles dur- 
ing four years of war had cast up the earth and pocked it. In 
some of these holes stagnant water had collected, as well as gas 
from the gas shells that had exploded there. Dank growth of 
weeds and grass browned by the fading season here and there 



12 THR MACHINR GUNNERS 

covered the expanse. Rusted strands of barbed wire ingeni- 
ously woven about iron and wooden posts ran without uniform- 
ity in all directions very often obscured in the withering brown 
vegetation. One wire barricade followed another at intervals 
from our lines to the enemy's trenches. The Boche works were 
visible. First, one could see his front line; then his support 
and communicating trenches could be picked out winding here 
and there over the landscape. Everything was devoid of life 
in front of us except an occasional bird which fluttered inno- 
cently over No Man's Land. High in the sky were several Ger- 
man observation balloons. The rat-tat-tat of a machine gun, 
the crack of a rifle or the explosion of a shell brought anima- 
tion to the stillness that seemed to reign over this territory. 

Behind hills and the villages, batteries of artillery were 
grouped, their guns each sighted to perform a certain definite 
task in the event of an attack. Back in the woods were our 
kitchen and dug-outs. Here the troops relaxed awaiting their 
turns for trench duty. Food was carried to the men in the line 
in large buckets and was always received with lusty appetites. 

Flares and rockets at intermittent intervals were sent up 
all night by both sides in an effort to light up No Man's Land 
and locate any hostile forces operating there. When a hostile 
patrol was caught under the light a machine gunner or auto- 
matic rifleman poured it into it instantly. On such occasions, 
as soon as the rockets would break in the air and shed their 
light, patrols would instantly drop to the ground and lie mo- 
tionless until the light had died. Shells whistled and sighed 
through the air at intervals, crashing to earth with their accom- 
panying explosions. From cover, machine guns kept up a rat- 
tat-tat through the nights, shooting up patrols that might be 
on No Man's Land, or spraying the lines and communications 
with bullets. Sometimes for hours hardly a shot was fired, the 
only activity apparently being the incessant shooting of flares. 
At other times, when we or the enemy had a case of "nerves" 
the air would ring with the firing of all arms. 

All of us found time to write letters from "Somewhere in 
France," stating in a general way the events. Dugouts were 
fitted out with such comforts as could be gleaned here and 
there, and decorated with pictures taken from magazines. 
Other little homelike touches were added where possible, and 
the unusual good humor of all hands bespoke not of the seri- 
ousness of the situation. When a paper was received from 
"The States" it was passed around and eagerly read. Men from 
the same town repeated the news and gossip coming from back 
home to one another. 

After months of training, during which time every one had 
wondered what No Man's Land would be like, here we were 
gradually becoming accustomed to its exigencies. Ffom then 
on war took on a business-like aspect. 



THE DEFENSE OF THE SECTOR 



On taking over the trenches from the French we adopted 
the same plan of defense for the machine guns that had been 
used by them. When they withdrew, the officers of the 111th 
and 112th Machine Gun Battalions together with Lieutenant 
Colonel R. H. Kelly, who was then our Division Machine Gun 
Officer, at once made a survey of our entire front for the pur- 
pose of improving the machine gun defenses. After many 
reconnaissances, during which the adaptability and availability 
of the ground was closely studied, an excellent defense plan was 
prepared for our lines. 

This consisted in placing machine guns in twos and fours 
at various commanding points along our front. The guns were 
sighted in pairs, the idea being if one gun could not fire for any 
reason the other gun would take its place. Of course, both 
guns were fired unless a mishap prevented it. The fire of each 
pair of guns was so directed as to connect with another pair 
of guns located about one-half mile distant on our right or left. 
This effected across our front continuous zones where the bul- 
lets would fall. This idea was carried out along the entire 
front of our sector. From time to time emplacements were 
changed to points where this could be done more effectively. 
The front was then divided into various divisions — A, B, C, D, 
E and F zones. If fire was needed in Zone A, certain guns 
would make the fire necessary, or if the rocket went up from 
"C" zone, fire would be laid down in that area. In this manner 
fire could be placed at any required point in No Man's Land, 
which permitted the guns sighted for other localities to remain 
silent. Where the fire from these machine guns struck the 
ground the neighboring zone would tie its fire into it so that 
if all guns should fire at once a wall of bullets would be 
falling along our entire front. 

Signals were adopted with rockets sent up from points 
where the enemy was attacking, for the calling down of the 
machine gun barrage on any part of the front required. At 
each emplacement sighting boards were made and upon the 
signal rocket breaking in the air the machine gunner on watch 
could look over his sighting board in the direction of the rocket 
and tell instantly just where the barrage was needed. 



14 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

The firing data, compiled by the officers and sergeants, 
was carefully calculated from maps. Then with the instru- 
ments, gun locations and aiming stakes were located on the 
ground. The gun crews would then build various devices in 
such a manner that the gun would come in contact with the 
stops beneath and around the guns, and, upon the gun coming 
against one of these stops would result in giving the fire the 
direction needed. Other wooden devices were built under the 
guns automatically so that when the gun rested on the wooden 
barrier beneath it, that gave it the correct elevation to carry 
the fire the desired distance into No Man's Land. These aiming 
devices were called foolproofs. 

These foolproofs were built in each emplacement and per- 
mitted these barrage guns to perform either one, two or three 
difl'erent missions as required. If a rocket went up from zone 
"B" the machine gunner on watch would yell to the gunner, 
"Barrage B," and the gunner by pulling out a nail, if his gun 
was then set for Barrage A, could slide his gun over to the next 
nail and know that his fire was being directed at the required 
spot. 

Constant practice, both at day and night, supplemented by 
test barrages made the gunners extremely quick in delivering 
their fire in response to signals even in the blackness of the 
night. They could move their guns against the stops which 
automatically aimed the guns correctly and delivered fire upon 
the desired point as well as if it had been day time. 

After the installation of this system of interlocking bar- 
rages, test barrages were frequently fired. However, after the 
system had been in use for a fortnight these were discontinued, 
except when new forces came up for relief, when test barrages 
were again fired to make the newcomers familiar with the de- 
fense plan. All of this resulted in an entirely new and more 
efficient machine gun defense of our sector, and had the effect 
of increasing each machine gunner's confidence in the ability 
of his arm to prevent an attack. The enemy, like our prede- 
cessors, the French, after his general policy, had placed his 
machine guns in the front line. After our barrage plan went 
into effect very few of our machine guns were left in the front 
lines but were placed near the front on commanding ground 
with good fields of fire. This permitted the gun to perform two 
functions. First, it was effective at long range for barrage pur- 
pose, and secondly, if the enemy succeeded in penetrating the 
barrage fire these guns had good fields of fire for direct pur- 
poses. 

The installation of this plan required a great deal of 
thought, time and work. New emplacements were dug, made 
shr&pnel proof with steal rails and sandbag tops and sides and 
the guns placed in them on secure bases. There was great 
rivalry among the gun crews for the best and most up-to-date 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 15 

emplacement. These emplacements were models of neatness 
and very ingeniously camouflaged. Wherever possible they 
were located in heavy brush or points difl^icult to be observed. 
When machine guns are placed in the front line it is practically 
impossible to keep the enemy from locating them. Photographs 
made from aeroplanes very often reveal the location of the gun 
emplacements and whenever one fires the enemy carefully 
marks the location of the flash and knows then where it is sit- 
uated. When these guns are scattered in rear of the front line, 
and escheloned in depth it is more difficult to locate them. On 
taking over the lines from the French they turned over to 
us a map of the enemy's positions showing the exact location 
of all the machine guns in his front lines. Our plan greatly 
mitigated the possibility of the enemy securing the location of 
our guns. Our emplacements with the various charts and or- 
ders neatly adorning the walls looked more like the bulletin 
boards of large city dailies than places of war. As information 
was received from lime to time copies of the same were sent 
to these emplacements for the enlightenment of the gun crews. 

For these crews, life took on the same business-like regu- 
larity it takes on for the man going to work at home. The 
crews were divided into watches, and worked certain speci- 
fied hours of duty daily. Dugouts were built adjoining these 
emplacements wherever possible, and, in these when off duty 
the men lived and slept. They were always ready here to re- 
spond instantly in case of necessity. The firing of the barrage 
of course, was commenced by those on duty in the emplace- 
ments at the time; but, all men turned out as soon as possible 
after the fire had commenced and carried on until the barrage 
was no longer needed. 

Upon the call for barrage fire, by rocket, there were stand- 
ing orders that the fire should be continued for ten minutes 
and if it was required for a longer period it was signaled by 
additional rockets. The rate of fire was ordered at 150 bullets 
per minute per gun. From six to eight guns were used in mak- 
ing the barrage for each zone. Where the 57th and 58th In- 
fantry Brigades joined, barrages were placed by the machine 
guns of each brigade to prevent any attack at the junction of 
the two brigades. This plan was also in use where our division 
joined those on its right and left. After considerable work this 
plan of defense worked efficiently and was easily understood 
by the gun crews. It was built under the direction of Lieuten- 
ant Colonel R. H. Kelly, Division Machine Gun Officer, assisted 
by Major Millard E. Tydings, of the 111th Machine Gun Bat- 
talion, and Major D. .John Markey, of the 112th Machine Gun 
Battalion. The 110th Machine Gun Battalion, MajxJr 
James H. Washburn, commanding, relieved various units of the 
111th and 112th Machine Gun Battalions in the execution of 
this defense work. In short, every Machine Gun Company in 



16 THE MACHIXE GUNNERS 

the 29th Division had, some time or other, occupied the barrage 
emplacements. A little more than one-third of the division's 
fourteen machine gun companies were generally used in this 
work, the remaining companies being in support and reserve 
at which places they too had emergency positions for occupancy 
in case the enemy succeeded in penetrating our initial machine 
gun defenses. At times these companies in support and reserve 
were given harassing fire missions and other similar duties. 
When not actively engaged, prescribed training schedules were 
carried out by troops in support and reserve. The machine gun 
defense on a whole was never needed; but, various zone bar- 
rages were placed on No Man's Land from time to time in re- 
sponse to signals with good results. 

As a precaution against hostile aeroplanes, machine guns 
were lashed on posts about four or five feet from the ground. 
These could be operated easily and when planes were flying 
low these machine guns would fire on them. Even though the 
plane was not brought down, nevertheless, it would fly higher 
to a safer altitude when fired on, which handicapped the ob- 
server's view of our lines. 



HARASSING FIRE 

War has many phases. It comprises the whole gamut of 
activities from saving peach kernels for gas masks and spread- 
ing enticing propaganda, to the correct way of leading the army 
mule. But, the real punch that wins the day is the weapon and 
its consequent effect. Often the very sight of it will be enough, 
but, more often, it is the shot that induces this frame of mind 
on the part of the enemy. Therefore, hardly had the machine 
gunners become accustomed to trench life when they were 
ordered to harass the Boche day and night with machine gun 
fire. 

The intelligence department daily reported localities fre- 
quented by the enemy. These comprised dugouts, kitchens, 
paths, machine gun positions and communicating trenches. 
Aeroplanes took pictures of these places to clearly show the 
vicinity and appearance of them. Maps with a scale of ap- 
proximately twelve inches to the mile were obtained and with 
these it was a comparatively easy task to locate accurately the 
targets we wished to fire upon. For, once we had selected 
our gun position and target on the map, by drawing a line con- 
necting the two spots, the angle of switch from magnetic north 
could easily be calculated. The range was also a simple mat- 
ter while from the contour lines showing the relative heighth 
of the gun and target and it was, by taking into consideration 
the range, but a matter of minutes to know how much to ele- 
vate the barrel and the direction the gun should be pointed 
to put fire down on the place desired. It was not necessary 
to see the target for all data was furnished from the map. 

With this information in hand a number of desirable tar- 
gets were selected from the front line of the enemy to two 
thousand meters in his rear. Our plan was to fire twelve times 
each 24 hours on these hostile localities. To further deceive 
him. this fire was to be delivered at irregular intervals and on 
various targets. For example, at 3.10 A. M. and 7.50 A. M. 
and 9 P. M. on one day and at 4.20 A. M., 1.30 P. M. and 11.35 
P. M. on the following day. At the same time jumping from 
one target to another each time firing was done. The main 
idea was to keep Fritz w^orried and guessing as to just where 



18 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

and when he could expect to receive these steel invitations to 
quit the gun for the plow. 

Then too, this firing was done from many different places 
by us, for it is a simple matter in trench warfare to pick up a 
gun and put it out of business if it habitually fires from the same 
location. 

Suddenly out of the quiet one rainy night there resounded 
the energetic rat-tat-tat of a machine gun platoon playing a 
stream of lead on one of the Boche communicating trenches. A 
few hours later again the air cracked with the shower of bul- 
lets falling on an enemy dugout area. And then, just as if am- 
munition was no factor at all, there came another chattering 
burst on Fritzie's kitchens. 

This type of firing lasted from two to three minutes and 
from 500 to 3,000 shots were fired, depending on the import- 
ance and formation of the place fired upon. 

Fritz's attitude was at first one of tolerant surprise. The 
sector had been fairly quiet. "Surely, thought he, these Ameri- 
cans must think they are it." For a week there was no retalia- 
tion from our friend, the enemy, he evidently desiring to 
create the impression that our machine gun fire had no effect, 
and so appearing to worry him not the least we would cease 
our efforts. 

Did we stop? Where we had used two guns we now used 
four. We fired more frequently. We fired longer. And Fritz 
came down off of his aloof, dignified perch, got real mad, 
cussed a little no doubt, probably confined his orderly to quar- 
ters, ordered up more ammunition and came after us with 
artillery. 

When he at first retaliated it was slow in response and not 
great in intensity. But his replies grew in their quickness of 
response, although R. S. V. P., as I recall, was not on any of 
the bullets we sent over and Fritz grew more and more angry 
as evinced by the increasing quantity of his fire. 

With this desire of the enemy to locate our harassing bat- 
teries there was, I need not mention, a corresponding desire on 
the part of our batteries that they be not located. An officer 
would go up in the day, select good positions, place in his 
stakes, etc., and at dusk the machine gun crews would creep 
up, locate their guns and lay low until the time to fire. Then 
for three mad minutes every gun would spit lead at its maxi- 
mum, fire its allotment, and seizing hastily their equipment all 
would make for cover with Fritz lighting the way with bursting 
shells. It was sweeter th^n the taste of honey to shoot up 
Fritz and then get back without casualties ourselves. 

The harassing fire was continued without cessation twelve 
times each twenty-four hours daily for months, and did much 
to turn a pink tea sector whose motto had been "you be nice and 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 19 

I'll be nice" into a small edition of Vesuvius in eruption. During 
this period the sector became more and more active. Artillery, 
trench mortars, machine guns and individual rifles being called 
more and more into play. There v^ere more men in the enemy 
trenches, and more movement everywhere. 

This harassing fire had the effect of greatly raising the 
morale of the machine gun troops. During the month of Au- 
gust, 1918, four platoons were used daily for this purpose, and 
each platoon fired an average of three times per 24 hours. 
Then, too, we took over the direction of the one pounders, 
which co-operated with us in this character of warfare. That 
this did much to lower the morale of the enemy began to be 
evident; for, each time a machine gun platoon engaged in this 
work the artillery at once opened in an effort to put it out of 
business. By the time the artillery found the gun positions, 
however, machine gunners and their equipment had been re- 
moved to cover. Frequently the escapes were very close af- 
fairs, a few seconds or a few yards being the difference between 
a hit or miss. 

Our casualties were light considering our activity. An 
emplacement of the 112th Machine Gun Battalion was hit on 
one occasion, killing or wounding the crew. At another time 
a whole platoon of the 113th Machine Gun Company, while 
withdrawing from the line was caught in a mustard gas bar- 
rage and burned, resulting in several killed and all severely 
burned. On the whole, however, Jerry managed to miss us for 
the most part, although he was on the job with plenty of effort. 



RAIDING 



The Center Sector, Haute-Alsace, had upon our entrance 
been one of the quiet sectors not far from the Swiss frontier. 
Soon, however, after the machine gun harassing fire program 
was put in operation it assumed from day to day an increasingly 
active character, although no attempt was made by either side 
to change the location of the existing lines. The enemy and 
ourselves became more and more alert, never missing an oppor- 
tunity to harass and annoy each other. The harassing fire from 
the machine guns was the occasion for more or less shelling in 
retaliation. This shelling was without any obvious plan or pur- 
pose except to lower our morale. At times it was very severe ; 
particularly, the gassing of Bandholtz woods, where over one 
hundred of our men suffered from a mustard gas attack, some 
being so badly burned it resulted in death. 

A few attempts at raids during this period were made by 
the Germans. In none of them did they attain the slightest suc- 
cess except one made in the 57th Brigade; when, by the use of 
liquid fire several of the infantry were killed or badly burned. 

The first raid made by the 29th Division occurred on the 
30th day of August and was made by men of the 115th In- 
fantry and was supported by a machine gun protective barrage 
laid down by the Machine Gun Company of the 115th Infantry, 
Captain Jarman commanding; and Company A, 112th Machine 
Gun Battalion, Captain Kaiser, commanding. Previous to this 
time, August 15, 1918, Company A, 112th Machine Gun Bat- 
talion, Captain Tydings commanding, and Company B, 112th 
Machine Gun Battalion, Captain Boundurant, commanding, had 
moved their guns in position to cover a raiding party from the 
115th Infantry. On this occasion elaborate emplacements were 
built with sand bags, corrugated iron and wooden ties in which 
machine guns were located. There were fifteen guns with Com- 
pany A and nine with Company B. However, after all prepara- 
tions had been completed and the gunners had waited on two 
nights for the signal to open fire, the raid was abandoned 
through circumstances which prevented its execution. All of 
the machine gunners had worked exceedingly hard in prepara- 
tion for this raid and were in strong positions from which very 
effective work could have undoubtedly been done had the op- 
portunity presented itself. 



TTIR BTATE AND (in AY DIVISION 21 

Two weeks later, however, the raid of August 30 did ma- 
terialize and two gunners, namely Beilaski and Hennessie ac- 
companied the raiding party and captured a German machine 
gun, which they brought back to our lines as a souvenir. The 
mission of the machine gun companies covering the raid of 
August 30th was to place a box barrage about the raiding party 
when it entered the German lines so as to prevent the enemy 
from reinforcing or retreating from the sector raided. Com- 
pany A, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, was the right group and 
the Machine Gun Company, 115th Infantry, formed the left 
group of machine guns. 

So well had these two companies selected the location for 
their guns and hidden the gun flashes, that though the enemy 
tried to locate them by searching here and there with his artil- 
lery he was, nevertheless, unsuccessful. Both of these com- 
panies fired continuously for almost an hour. Largely because 
of the protection they afforded, the raiding party suffered little 
damage from any reinforcements being sent in to the spot at- 
tacked. 

On the 7th of September a raiding party from the 57th 
Brigade consisting of about one hundred infantrymen with 
some engineers crossed No Man's Land and raided a section of 
the enemy trenches in their front. The twenty-eight machine 
guns covering this raid Vv'ere as follows: Four guns, Company A, 
111th Machine Gun Battallion, Lt. N, P. White commanding; 
twelve guns Company B, 111th Machine Gun Battalion, Captain 
D. L. Doran, commanding; twelve guns. Company D, 111th 
Machine Gun Battalion, Captain C. A. Wild commanding. This 
raid was executed at dawn and worked so smoothly that there 
was not a casualty in the attacking party; nor in the personnel 
of the supporting arms. 

It may not be amiss to set down here in detail how the 
machine guns operated in covering these raids. Whenever or- 
ders came to brigade headquarters to raid the enemy the ma- 
chine gun battalion commander, from the battalion furnishing 
the machine guns for the raid, was called into conference. He 
was then told by the brigade commander of the general scheme 
of things, including about the dates the raid would take place, 
its size, the place to be raided, the mission of the raiding party, 
what the artillery and trench mortars would probably do to 
cover the raid, and what the machine guns would be expected, 
to do. The machine gun major was also notified that the utmost 
secrecy must surround all movements and only those who must 
absolutely know should be told about the approaching event. 
The machine gun ofiicer then returned to his battalion, where, 
after explaining the mission of the machine guns to the com- 
pany commanders selected to carry out the machine gun plans, 
he with them, made a reconnaisance of the section of the front 
to be attacked and selected possible positions from which the 



22 THE MACHINK GUNNERS 

machine guns would accomplish their missions. In selecting 
these machine gun locations care had to be taken to find places 
where good fields of fire could be obtained with a reasonable 
amount of cover and where no other auxiliary arms were lo- 
cated. Usually, where the terrain permitted, the machine gun- 
ners took up positions on wooded slopes and where high ground 
and cover were to their advantage. On the occasion of the 
57th Brigade raid great difficulty was encountered in getting 
good positions for the guns of the left group and four of them 
had to be placed in front of our front line trenches . This policy 
was very unusual as well as very dangerous. In proof of the 
aforegoing statement I may add here, that not more than thirty 
seconds after these four gun crews had withdrawn after the 
raid was over, two shells from the enemy struck on the very 
positions they had occupied. Their escape was a combination 
of good luck and good management. 

Once having selected the general location for the guns, 
stakes were driven in the ground where each gun was to be 
located. Then, from the map firing data was calculated. Next, 
with aid of the compass, aiming stakes were placed out in front 
of the gun locations approximately ten yards from each gun. 
Having selected the location of the guns and having placed in 
these stakes they were never abandoned by those in charge 
without leaving someone on watch. At the gun locations Tee 
bases were firmly set in the ground. A number of sand bag^ 
and flash hiders, plenty of water and boxes of ammunition 
were brought up under cover and hidden somewhere near the 
scene of action. The officers then made up this firing data, in 
chart form, and it was then submitted to battalion headquar- 
ters for approval. Here it was closely checked to ascertain if 
there was sufficient clearance for the raiding party; for a great 
deal of this protective barrage passes not very far over the 
heads of the attacking troops. 

When everything is in readiness, at dusk on the evening 
preceding the raid the guns which have been hidden in the 
vicinity of the front are brought up just at twilight and placed 
on the Tee bases which have already been installed. Each 
gun is then aimed on its aiming stakes giving it the correct 
direction and a clinometer placed upon it giving it the correct 
elevation. The tripods are securely seated by placing sand bags 
on each of the legs. The gun crews then bring up the water and 
ammunition boxes and place them neatly in piles by the side of 
the gun, where they can readily be found in the dark. Each 
gun is then loaded and locked and checked by the platoon 
leaders and foolproofs installed. 

Flash hiders were erected about a yard in front of each 
gun. These consisted of stretching burlap bagging about 6 
feet in height and 5 feet in width on vertical wooden frames, 
so placed that the gun when firing, would shoot through the 



THE BLUB AND GRAY DIVISION 23 

burlap. Pieces of burlap also extended back from this frame to 
the sides of each gun. These burlap screens were kept satu- 
rated with water and had the effect of screening or hiding the 
flashes of each gun from the observation of the enemy. The 
water was used to prevent the burlap taking fire. These 
flash hiders were so successful that the enemy had no way of 
detecting just where the guns were located except from the 
noise; and, as the artillery, trench mortars and other arms were 
all firing at the same time this was very diflScult. 

Of course, in locating the guns in the preliminary work 
before they are brought up, it is essential that no movement be 
detected by the enemy; consequently, in all preparations be- 
fore the guns are brought up only a few men collected about 
the spot where the guns would be stationed and these took 
great pains that none of their movements could be seen. For 
this same reason, the gunners are brought up at dusk, for al- 
though a number of men operating at the gun positions would 
be readily seen in day time it is difficult for the enemy to notice 
them at that distance when the light of day is failing. 

During this time the signal corps had arranged a telephonq 
system connecting the various groups with a central station. 
This central station is located where the trench to be raided 
can be plainly seen; and, from this point, the machine gun com- 
mander of all the groups directs by telephone the firing of the 
guns. 

Codes were arranged so that msesages sent back and forth 
over the wires could not be detected by the enemy through 
induction. On the occasion of the 57th Brigade raid "hot dogs" 
meant commence firing and "Belfort" meant stop firing, and 
other similar words were adopted to facilitate the control of the 
machine gun fire from this central station. 

Finally everything was in readiness and there was nothing 
to do but to wait for the hour at which firing was ordered to 
commence. The hour selected usually was just at the break 
of dawn. 

All those taking part in the raid had previously synchron- 
ized their watches. Five minutes before the time set for the 
raiding party to enter the German lines the machine guns 
would open up, placing a barrage around the section of trench 
raided and continue firing until the raiding party had with- 
drawn to our lines. When the raid leader had made his way 
back safely to our lines he would shoot a Very pistol light in 
the air which was a signal that our firing was no longer needed. 

As soon as this safety signal was seen each machine gun 
crew stopped firing and picking up the equipment withdrew as 
quickly as possible to the safety of a dugout. On these occa- 
sions the enemy would try to put us out of business all during 



24 THE MACHINE GITNNERS 

the raid, searching here and there with his artillery for the lo- 
cation of the guns. 

These raids were always energetically entered into by the 
machine gun personnel and did much to weaken and lower the 
morale of the enemy. They also were the cause of much of the 
activity by both sides and following them firing of all arms by 
the opposing forces increased decidedly. 

I have in the preceding chapters given an outline of the 
kind of work that was our daily portion, while the "Blue and 
Gray" Division held the trenches in Alsace. Early in Sep- 
tember there were evidences and rumors that we were to move 
to another sector. This proved to be correct, for orders came 
shortly to prepare for relief. Gradually companies withdrew, 
being relieved by units of a new division. The scenes where we 
had lived for two months were soon to be abandoned. Each 
night more and more companies were relieved and by day- 
break had found ciuarters many miles from the front. 



FROM ALSACE TO VERDUN 



After all the machine gun companies had withdrawn from 
the trenches in Alsace they assembled in the various villages 
in the rear. Remaining here a few days, during which time 
each of the companies overhauled its equipment, the various 
battalions then marched through the city of Belfort to the coun- 
try just beyond. Here all remained for a short while awaiting 
further orders. 

A part of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion was quartered 
in the little village of Frahier. On the evening of our arrival 
here it was raining very hard. As soon as the men had put 
their equipment away they moved about the little village, tak- 
ing shelter in the stores, cafes and other places awaiting the call 
for supper. In one of these cafes a number of machine gun- 
ners congregated. At the request of the young French lad one 
of the men exhibited his pistol and explained its workings. 
In the handling of the weapon it was accidentally discharged 
and resulted in the death of the young Frenchman. 

An investigation of the affair was had immediately. In the 
course of the investigation the dead boy's parents, who were 
poor folk and natives of the village, were interviewed. These 
parents, with tears in their eyes, requested of the officers mak- 
ing the investigation that the American lad be not punished 
for the shooting, the affair having been a pure accident. 

"America has done much for France already," said the 
Frenchman, "and j^ou boys have come a long way from home 
to help us stricken people, and we are full of gratitude for your 
coming. Inasmuch as the firing was a pure accident it is our 
sincere request that the lad who did the shooting be unpun- 
ished; for, although our loss is great, our sorrow very heavy, 
we wish you Americans to know that we are grateful for what 
you are doing for France." 

This patriotic act from these French people inspired every 
man quartered in the little town and in time was transmitted 
throughout the machine gun battalion. 

Upon the burial of this young Frenchman companies and 
individuals presented many beautiful wreaths to show the 
parents their sympathy and regret. 



26 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

On the night of the 23rd and 24th of September the various 
machine gun battalions entrained. These trains were made up 
of a number of third class coaches, box cars and flat cars. Ma- 
chine gun carts, kitchens, red cross wagons, ammunition lim- 
bers, horses and all equipment were loaded; about eight trains 
were used to carry the machine gun equipment and personnel. 
It was an exceedingly difficult and laborious job to get all of 
this heavy equipment on the few cars furnished. The loading 
was done at night in a steady rain. When it was completed a 
very tired lot of men crawled, wet and hungry, into the box cars 
and coaches for rest. After riding for a number of hours the 
machine gun personnel detrained, reassembled the equipment 
and marched to the vicinity of the village of Rembercourt. For 
a day or so the battalions were billeted in and near Rember- 
court. 

On the evening of the 26th of September all of the machine 
gun organizations marched to the outskirts of the town, and 
took up positions along side of busses, which had arrived to 
transport the battalion to the front lines if necessary. 

At this time the American Army had commenced its at- 
tack in the Argonne and the Blue and Gray Division was then 
a part of the army reserve. The machine gun units were ready, 
if necessity demanded, to be loaded with their guns in these 
busses and taken to such points in ths line as required their as- 
sistance. These motor transports were driven and manned 
by Chinese. The machine gun carts were partly dismantled so 
as to permit quick loading in a sm^all space and for two days 
and three nights the men slept and lived along this line of 
busses awaiting orders to load. Orders not to board the busses 
unless word came to move were received and everyone had to 
stand in the elements, huddled in the lee of these vehicles. 
This order was not strictly enforced owing to the cold rain 
which was unbearable, and many men crawled in the motors 
and took shelter with the Chinese. During this time a number 
of men went to the hospital with severe colds, which in some 
cases developed into pneumonia and death. 

After waiting for three days in constant expectation of a 
move, orders were received stating that the services of the or- 
ganizations were not needed at the front and the trucks de- 
parted and the battalions came back in the villages. 

Following, a series of marches occurred almost nightly, 
which took the organizations from the vicinity of Rembercourt 
to the vicinity of the Moulin Brule, about six miles south of 
Verdun, where temporary shacks erected in woods were occu- 
pied. The march from Rembercourt to the front was in stages 
of from fifteen to twenty kilometers per night; the men sleep- 
ing in the day time and marching on again at night. It rained 
constantly. As a consequence the roads were very heavy and 
marching with one's equipment was a good bit like hard work. 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION ^ 27 

Movements of all kinds in and near the front had to be made 
at night. In the day time enemy aeroplanes or observation bal- 
loons would quickly pick up numbers of men or vehicles and 
machine gun attacks from planes or artillery would have been 
inevitable. Thousands of men and vehicles of all kinds were 
encountered moving up and down the highways taking ad- 
vantage of the darkness, going to and from the front feeding 
the big machine that had started to move toward Germany. 

At the cross roads military policemen were stationed 
to keep this great stream of traffic from becoming dangerously 
congested. These military policemen had been drawn from 
many of the large cities of America and almost all of them had 
had a great deal of traffic experience in civil life. In the dark- 
ness it was little short of marvelous to note the smoothness 
with which all movements took place on these arteries. It is 
difficult for one who has not witnessed it to comprehend this 
great throng of man and vehicles. Troops in the front must be 
fed, clothed, watered, kept supplied with ammunition and 
equipment of all kinds, and the horses and mules must also be 
supplied with food and drink daily. Then too, the wounded must 
be evacuated. At night along the roads near the front thou- 
sands of men in a continuous column were going in to relieve 
those in the lines and thousands of men were coming down the 
same road who have just been relieved. 

Ammunition for artillery, trench mortars, ma- 
chine guns, one pounders, rifles and pistols was being trans- 
ported in seemingly endless quantities to feed the arms used 
at the front. This was usually carried in motor trucks. Ambu- 
lances driven by both men and women were bringing the 
wounded from the field hospitals to the hospitals established in 
the rear. All of the roads running to the front at night time 
throb with activity. There is no talking. Unnecessary noises 
are avoided. Silhouettes loom up out of the darkness and can 
be seen for a minute and vanish and still other silhouettes come 
out of the darkness to take the place of those that have van- 
ished. A cross road that in civil life saw not more than a dozen 
persons a day would be visited by as many persons and vehicles 
as the busiest corner in the world's largest metropolis. If a 
horse gave out it was pushed over in the ditch and the column 
which had halted for a moment moved on again. Every nerve 
and every energy was bent upon giving the men at the front 
everything possible. These columns must at all hazards be 
kept moving. 

From the vicinity of the Moulin Brule the roar and flashes 
of the artillery could be heard and seen and from here by easy 
stages the machine gun units moved to the front. On its ap- 
proach reconnaisance parties were sent out from each of the 
battalions in the day time learning the roads and country over 
which the division was shortly to fight. Most of these parties, 



28 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

with a guide who was familiar with the front, studied from 
points of vantage the enemy territory. 

"Le Morte Ilomme/'^ made famous when its French de- 
fenders coined the phrase "they shall not pass" was selected by 
a number of these parties because of its commanding view from 
which to study the hostile territory. Standing on this sacred 
spot of ground, made immortal by the life blood of thousands 
of men, one could visualize the clash of the troops of the Crown 
Prince and the determined defenders of Verdun. 

Finally all reconnaisance parties returned to their organi- 
zations and waited for the orders that would carry us into the 
fighting. 



1^1 



1 Dead Man's Hill. 



THE MEUSE-ARGONNE 



The 29th Division commenced its operations in the Meuse- 
Argonne offensive, about six or seven miles north of the City of 
Verdun on the east bank of the Meuse river. On September 
26th General Pershing had sent the American army forward 
under the greatest artillery barrage in history. All of this 
occurred on the west bank of the river. As these troops pushed 
forward they were subject to an intense fire from the enemy 
on the right bank of the river, the fire fell upon the advancing 
American army from the front, flank and rear. As this advance 
progressed it became apparent to our high command that an 
offensive would have to be commenced on the east bank of 
the river, in order that the enemy might be driven from his 
position there and the troops on the west bank relieved from the 
fire delivered by the enemy across the river. The 29th Division 
was one of the outfits selected to cross the river and make this, 
attack. 

The country along the Meuse is rolling and covered here 
and there with patches of woodland. From the river the hills 
rise more or less abruptly and run in small ranges with rather 
deep ravines between them. Such little villages as had existed, 
prior to the war had been completely wiped out. It was diffi- 
cult in several of them to locate exactly where the houses had 
once stood, so complete was the devastation. Stones had been 
taken from these crumbling homes from time to time to keep the 
roads in repair. At Samogneaux faint vestiges of the once 
pretty little village were still visible. The woods had grown up 
in almost impassable thickets, except for the paths that had 
been kept open by the German troops. 

This ground had been in the hands of the enemy since the 
Verdun offensive made by the German Crown Prince. It was 
admirably adapted to defense purposes and seizing upon its 
natural advantages the enemy had built an exceptionally strong 
defense system. He had three main lines of strongly fortified 
trenches that seemed impregnable. Concrete and steel machine 
gun emplacements were built in each. The enemy artillery was 
craftily placed in the wooded ravines. 

On the 7th of October, 1918, the 29th Division received or- 
ders to attack on the following morning. The terrain was such 
that it was apparent that the machine guns would have a series 
of missions, which could not be seen at the beginning of the at- 



30 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

tack. Company A, Captain Kaiser commanding, and Com- 
pany B. Captain Lyon commanding; Company C. Captain Bon- 
deurant commanding, all of the 112th Machine Gun Battalion, 
and the 116th Machine Gun Company, Captain Ast, command- 
ing were attached to the assaulting battalions and accompanied 
the attack. At dawn the troops which had crossed the river 
at night, moved forward. They completely surprised the enemy 
and by 3 o'clock on October the 8th most of the attackers had 
reached the normal objective, taking several miles of ground 
and hundreds of prisoners. 

During this advance Sergt. Tucker, Company A, 112th 
Machine Gun Battalion, while exploring a dug-out, captured 
five prisoners and started to return with them to his company 
headquarters when one of the captured Germans broke away 
and tried to escape. Calling three times to the running man 
to halt, and, upon his failure to do so, Tucker drew his pistol 
and killed him. The following is Tucker's written account of 
the incident: 

"While exploring a German dug-out during the advance I 
came upon five Germans and ordered them to surrender, which 
they did. I formed them in line and started to miarch them to 
the rear. One broke away and ran toward the German lines. 
I yelled to him to halt. He would not halt. I yelled again to 
halt. He would not halt. I yelled the third time to halt. He 
would not halt. I drew my gun. I took sure aim. I fired, and 
Old Bill had one man less." 

Signed: Tucker, Sgt. Co. A, 112th Machine Gun Bn. 

The 9th of October was taken up in consolidating the 
ground gained and in establishing the machine guns where they 
would be the most effective to repell a counter attack. The 
work of straightening out the lines continued on the 10th, on 
which date the ground taken was strongly garrisoned and for- 
tified. 

The 111th Machine Gun Battalion crossed the Meuse River 
on the night of October 8-9 at Regneville, about one mile north 
of the spot where the 112th had crossed, on a bridge, which had 
been hastily built by the engineers. The 111th at once dug fox 
holes in the side of the hills along the river and in these awaited 
further orders. 

On October 10, at 11 o'clock the 113th Machine Gun Com- 
pany, Captain Weigard commanding, and Company C, Cap- 
tain Westenhover commanding; 111th Machine Gun Battalion* 
went over with the assaulting waves in an attack on some wood- 
ed hills known as the Bois de la Reine and the Bois de Chene. At 
5 o'clock in the afternoon of October 10 these units reached 
their objective and the machine guns were used to cover the 
consolidation and protect our right flank, which was somewhat 
exposed. 




Orniont Favni Ruins 




German Observation Post and Machine Gun Platform — Richine Hill 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 31 

The headquarters of the 111th and 112th Machine Gui; 
Battalions were moved forward and kept in constant touch by 
telephone and runners with the company headquarters in the 
front line. 

It became necessary to send an additional company from 
the 111th Machine Gun Battalion to reinforce the extreme right 
flank, held by our division, which was then exposed. Com- 
pany D was selected for this mission. Although this company 
moved quickly and took advantage of all cover possible, three 
men were killed and three wounded in moving into position. 
Early in the morning of the 12th of October, Company B, 111th 
Machine Gun Battalion, Captain Butcher commanding, and the 
114th Machine Gun Company, Captain Keating commanding, 
moved through the Ravine de Coassinvaux to accompany the 
assaulting waves of the 114th infantry, whose objective was 
the commanding wooded hill, Bois d'Ormont. The attacking 
troops had very little support in the way of artillery and it 
soon became evident that their mission would be an exceedingly 
trying one without artillery support, as the enemy was strongly 
fortified on the top of the hill. The commanding officer of the 
111th Machine Gun Battalion, on his own initiative, ordered 
Company A, 111th Machine Gun Battalion, Captain Doyle com- 
manding, to take up a position on the hill about one-half mile 
southwest of the Bois d'Ormont, for the purpose of delivering 
an overhead barrage into the edge of the woods as the infantry 
advanced. This attack commenced at 7 o'clock. 

The work of Company A, under command of Captain Doyle 
on this occasion brought forth both brigade and division com- 
mendation for the entire company. This company had orders 
to fire an overhead barrage over our troops from 7 o'clock until 
7.15. Twelve machine guns were used. The rate of fire was 
one hundred and fifty shots per gun for the first minute and 
one hundred shots per gun for the remaining fourteen minutes. 

Two minutes after fire was commenced by this machine 
gun company its location was spotted by the enemy and a ter- 
rific barrage of high explosives was placed on the hillside which 
it occupied. Those who witnessed the deluge of shells rained 
on this machine gun company had thought it would be wiped 
out. Fortunately, however, the company had placed its guns 
in an abandoned trench where it would be protected from thq 
flying pieces of shrapnel. To the everlasting credit of this 
company, every gun continued to fire for fifteen minutes, firing 
a total of 24,000 rounds over the heads of our own troops and 
on the trenches occupied by the enemy. During the fifteen 
minutes of this firing our troops made good progress, but as the 
attackers approached the German lines the continuation of this 
overhead fire became too dangerous to the advancing lines, 
and it had to be discontinued as ordered, and our infantry was 
left to fight it out with very little support. 



32 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

Most of the casualties suffered by the machine gun com- 
panies that accompanied the assault, which are tabulated on a 
later page of this narrative, were suffered in this attack. 

Company B, of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion and the 
114th Machine Gun Company had suffered so heavily in the 
attack on Ormont Woods that it became necessary to send 
Company D, Lt. Oakley commanding, on October 14th, to re- 
inforce these two companies, and Company A, 111th Machine 
Gun Battalion, Captain Doyle commanding, was sent in to re- 
inforce the machine gun companies participating in the attack 
of October 10 in anticipation of a counter-attack from the 
enemy. 

Company D, First Lieutenant William M. Storm command-, 
ing, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, on October 14, assisted the 
infantry in its advance through the Bois de Consenvoye to the 
southern edge of the Molevilie Farm clearing. This company 
took up a strong position firing obliquely across the front of the 
attacking troops. A platoon of Company D was ordered to 
fire, covering this advance until the troops reached the other 
side of the clearing. The advance however, was held up until 
the following day. This platoon fired for twenty-eight minutes. 
A few minutes after the barrage had started an aeroplane 
hovered over the guns and firing ceased while the men remained 
motionless for the time being. The aeroplane then flew away 
and firing was resumed. Twenty minutes later the plane re- 
turned, flying so near the ground that its markings were clearly 
recognized as French and it is believed to be an allied plane by 
every one. This time firing was not stopped and soon after- 
ward a flare was dropped from the plane and immediately an 
artillery barrage was laid down by the enemy, which com- 
pletely destroyed the positions of this platoon. Two guns 
were demolished and the fire w^as so intense that it drove 
men away from their emplacements. This was one of the few 
incidences where enemy aeroplanes masquerading under the 
allied markings was able, through this deception, to locate our 
guns and which undoubtedly caused our losses. 

The advance was ordered to continue across the Molevilie 
Farm clearing to the southern edge of the woods just beyond. 
The woods was known as the Bois de la Grande Montagne. On 
the 15th of October at 7.45 A. M., Company C, Captain Bondur- 
rant commanding, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, laid a direct 
overhead barrage on the Bois de la Grande Montagne for three 
hours, covering the advance of the assaulting battalion across 
the Molevilie Farm clearing, and into the woods fired upon. At 
noon on this day this machine gun company moved forward 
under heavy fire into the edge of the Montagne Woods and 
layed its guns to resist a counter attack. A platoon of Company 
D, First Lieutenant William M. Storm commanding, 112th 
Machine Gun Battalion, was sent to the eastern edge of the 




Trenches in front of Bois d' Ormont 




\mik,. mi 



-rt-j-^ X ' 



.H^y 



\ ¥W- 



3i ■■■ 'i 



German Machine Gun Nest — Bois d' Ormont 



THE r.I.T'R AXP '^RAY PTVISIOX 33 

Bois de Consenvoye, with orders to reduce machine gun nests 
in a woods on the right of the Moleville Farm clearing, from 
which the enemy was causing our troops severe losses. This 
was accomplished. 

The fighting so far had been a series of action designed to 
enable our troops to drive the Germans out of their strongly 
fortified trench system. Such machine gun companies as were 
not actually used in accompanying the assaulting battalions 
were placed where they would have good fields of fire to resist 
a possible counter attack from the enemy. A smaller force was 
kept in reserve for general defense purposes. Many of the com- 
panies that had accompanied the assaulting troops during the 
early stages of the battle were relieved by fresh machine gun 
companies, which were taken from the support and reserve, 
until every machine gun unit in the division had become in- 
volved at some time or other in furthering the advance, except 
the 110th Machine Gun Battalion (motorized), which was kept 
as divisional reserve. 

The fighting from October 8th until October 21st had won 
for us valuable ground. The time between the 19th and the 
21st of October was used in straightening out the lines and con- 
solidating and strengthening positions taken by our troops. 

From the 17th to the 21st of October there was some lull 
in the actual advance, although there was a great deal of acti- 
vity on all sides. The strain had begun to tell on the men who 
had had little relief during two weeks of continuous fighing and 
many of the companies had suffered very heavily from casual- 
ties. All things considered, the prisoners taken and ground 
won had been well worth the effort. The impregnable enemy 
defenses held so long by the hostile forces and which had 
threatened the City of Verdun for years was materially broken. 
Then, too, the knowledge that we were advancing and gradu- 
ally overcoming the Boche was raising the spirit of our troops 
and correspondingly lowering the morale of our adversaries. 



THE ATTACK ON ETRAYES RIDGE 



A survey of the ground held by the 29th Division on Octo- 
ber 21st, brought out the fact that nearly all of the high ter- 
rain was in our hands, except a wooded height, known as 
Etrayes Ridge. Looking down on us from all sides, it stood 
a natural barrier to further progress. From this height the 
enemy could look down the various ravines and check up our 
movements and intentions. While this strong hill remained in 
German hands, from it was directed the hostile artillery fire 
with exceptional accuracy. It rose up several hundred feet 
from the ravines at the foot of its slopes and its top was perhaps 
seventy yards wide and several hundred yards in length, being 
shaped somewhat like a lady finger. Cleverly hidden on its 
military crest in the thickets were rows of enemy machine guns 
adroitly pointed down the little paths which were almost the 
only means of getting through the thick bushes and woods. 

Orders came that the hill must be taken. Three battalions 
of infantry, each accompanied by a machine gun company, 
were designated as the assaulting waves. These, with the regi- 
ment of the 26th (Yankee) Division, which had moved in on 
our right, were to follow a definite plan, the consumation of 
which, would give us possession of this valuable piece of 
ground. All branches of the service were issued orders cover- 
ing their activities and a period of forty eight hours to make the 
necessary arrangements for the attack was given every one. 

Owing to the thickness of the bushes and woods and 
because the assaulting waves were forced to charge up the 
slopes of a steep hill the advance of the attackers was ordered 
to progress at the rate of 100 meters every ten minutes (about 
110 yards). The artillery was instructed to arrange its barrage 
so that when the advance commenced, and during its continu- 
ance, a curtain of firing shells would strike the ground about 
150 yards along the entire front of the assaulting units and 
move forward at the same pace as that of the troops. The 
110th, 111th, 112th Machine Gun Battalions were ordered to 
prepare barrages moving at the same rate as the artillery bar- 
rage and which would fall as closely in front of our own troops 
as safety would permit. Other arms were assigned other mis- 
sions. 



^\ 



iA- 




German Machine Gun Nest — Etrayes Ridge 











^,,;-j,»-^j^i5 ^(y.;^--;i««5gf4!.i;'_> .j^; 



Looking up "Death Valley" toward Mollevilie Woods 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 35 

Preceding the actual attack and before dawn, our troops 
holding the front line were ordered, under cover of darkness, 
to fall back about three hundred yards. This was done so that 
the artillery and machine gun fire could be brought in and made 
to fall on the positions we were holding before we had fallen 
back. Then as the advance commenced, this barrage, or cur- 
tain of fire, would move forward being followed by the at- 
tackers. This permitted our artillery and machine guns to 
cover with projectiles the entire lot of earth from our original 
front lines to our final objective. Two companies of the 110th 
Machine Gun Battalion, James H. Washburn, commanding, the 
day before the attack was to commence, as a result of a recon- 
naissance, took up positions on the edge of The Moleville Farm 
Clearing, where they could see a great deal of the ground, 
which was ordered to be taken. This battalion was directed to 
commence firing thirty minutes before the attack commenced 
with all its guns, and to continue harassing the ground which 
we desired to capture until our attack was under way, when it 
would withdraw to cover. 

In order to explain the operation of the 111th Machine 
Gun Battalion in this attack it is necessary to state in a general 
way the formation of the lines the infantry was holding. Up 
to this time all of our advances were in a general northerly 
direction. Our line ran from The Grande Montagne Woods 
southerly across The Moleville Farm Clearing to Moleville 
Woods and thence, jutted off sharply to the east. Thus, our 
line was in a formation of the letter "V". 

The attack on Etrayes Ridge was ordered made in an 
easterly direction. This permitted the placing of the 111th 
Machine Gun Battalion out on the leg of "V" formed so it could 
fire directly across the front of the attacking troops, firing as 
it were, an enfilade or flank barrage. The ground to be taken 
was divided into four blocks, and Company "D", Captain White, 
commanding and Company "A", Captain Doyle, commanding, 
were each given two blocks of the territory to be taken as tar- 
gets for their machine guns. Each of these Captains divided 
their companies into two platoons, and gave each platoon one 
block of the ground to be taken as a target. These companies 
were instructed to so place their fire that the bullets would fall 
on the same ground covered by the artillery barrage. As the 
artillery barrage moved forward the machine gun barrage 
would move forward with it. These four platoons of the 111th 
Machine Gun Battalion were placed several hundred yards 
apart. As the infantry started forward the first platoon com- 
menced firing, and this fire gradually moved preceding the 
attacking troops so as to be always about 150 yards in their 
front. When the attacking troops had moved completely across 
the first block of the ground to be taken, the first platoon ceased 
firing and went out of action. Immediately the second platoon 



36 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

took up the fire where the first platoon had left off and con- 
tinued to cause the barrage from the machine guns to move 
over the hostile ground, at the rate of 100 meters in ten minutes, 
with the bullets falling about one hundred yards in front of our 
attacking troops. The third and fourth platoons followed the 
example of the first and second platoons, taking up the fire as 
the attackers came opposite their places in the line. 

The 112th Machine Gun Battalion employed its guns by 
placing a direct overhead barrage in front of the attacking 
infantry, assigning a platoon of Company "B", Lieut. Kopp, 
commanding, and a platoon of Company "D", Captain Gilker- 
son, commanding for this duty . These two platoons took up a 
position on the slopes of Richine Hill, where they could look 
across to the slopes of Etrayes Ridge. The guns in these two 
platoons were fired in relays; one or the other of them being 
always used. 

This was the general scheme used by each of the Machine 
Gun Battalions to assist the attack and all preliminary arrange- 
ments were completed at dusk on the evening of October 22nd. 
All guns were placed in position, substantially mounted on 
"T" bases and weighted down firmly with sand bags. The 
firing data was carefully checked and aiming stakes were 
driven in the ground for the guidance of the gunners, so the 
barrage would move forward at the rate ordered. 

Finally at an hour before dawn on October 23rd, prelimin- 
ary bombardment of the hostile lines commenced. This con- 
sisted mainly of artillery fire; but thirty minutes before the 
attackers were to go forward, the 110th Machine Gun Battalion 
opened up from its position, as hereinbefore explained, and 
commenced harassing the slopes of Etrayes Ridge, where the 
enemy machine gunners were stationed. Shortly before the 
attack went forward the 111th and 112th Machine Gun Bat- 
talions joined in this harassing fire. At the hour our troops 
commenced the advance, the 110th Machine Gun Battalion 
which had been firing about one hour, then withdrew as per 
orders. The platoons of the 112th Machine Gun Battalion 
started its overhead barrage falling about four hundred yards 
in front of our troops; the barrage maintaining this distance and 
moving forward at the same speed of the attackers. With the 
advance of the troops, the 111th Machine Gun Battalion com- 
menced its enfilade barrage, in the nature of a band of steel 
bullets falling across the front of our troops and moving steadily 
forward at the same speed as the artillery. The machine guns 
for the first few minutes opened at a terrific pace, at the rate 
of two hundred and twenty-five bullets, per gun, per minute. 
After the attack had gotten under way, the rate of fire was 
reduced to about one hundred shots, per minute, per gun. 

The two platoons of the H2th Machine Gun Battalion 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 37 

continued to fire four hours and thirty minutes, which was the 
duration of the attack. The two companies of the 111th 
Machine Gun Battalion did likewise, keeping a steady enfilade 
barrage moving gradually forward and covering the ground in 
advance of our own infantry. Both the artillery and machine 
gun fire was co-ordinated and moved forward in pursuance to 
a schedule, or time table, which had been carefully prepared. 

The division orders for this attack directed the infantry to 
halt on the intermediate objective and reorganize before push- 
ing on to the final objective. The line shown us as the inter- 
mediate objective on the map, covered about two-thirds of the 
ground to be taken and when we had reached it we had gotten 
on top of the hill with the enemy. During the halt on the in- 
termediate objective the officers reorganized the attackers and 
the machine guns kept up an intermittent fire on the enemy 
positions immediately in front of our advancing troops. 

The highest point of Etrayes Ridge Vv^as about two hundred 
yards in front of the intermediate objective, and here the enemy 
had built observation towers and installed machine guns on 
platforms in trees. Just before the advance moved forward 
for the second time to take the ground between the intermediate 
and final objective, Company "A" of the 111th Machine Gun 
Battalion turned nine machine guns on these targets and kept 
up a continual fire for ten minutes, completely silencing all of 
the enemy located on this crest. So effective was this fire that 
tree trunks and a couple of little rough improvised German 
shacks were completely riddled with bullets and the only Ger- 
mans left on the hill were dead ones. 

As the advance from the intermediate to the final objective 
continued, the machine guns again put down their moving 
barrage in front of our troops and greatly assisted in overcoming 
such resistance as was left. The assaulting battalions reached 
the final objective on time and Etrayes Ridge was at last in 
our hands. While the attacking troops were consolidating and 
strengthening their positions on the ridge, the machine guns 
kept up an intermittent fire in their front, seeking to break any 
counter attacks that might be launched by the enemy to retake 
this commanding ground. 

This attack was a complete success from every angle. The 
machine guns were effectively and sensibly used and for four 
hours and thirty minutes kept a continual barrage in front of 
our advancing men. About sixty machine guns were captured 
having been abandoned by the enemy along the crest of the 
ridge. So hot had been our firing that in most cases the Boche 
had retreated, deserting his guns, and where any of them had 
remained they had been victims of the intensity of the barrage. 
Several of the enemy dead were found in the observatories and 
machine gun platforms on the ridge where they had been 



3g THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

caught in the barrage. The attacking infantry in spite of the 
difficult terrain had sustained very small losses. This had also 
been the case with the machine gunners delivering the fire. The 
110th, 111th, 112th Machine Gun Battalions among them, 
probably fired in excess of 250,000 rounds of ammunition in 
"this attack and it might be said, with due modesty, that no 
small part of its success, with our small casualties, was due to 
the superb co-operation of the various units. 

At last we had penetrated and had taken the strongest 
position held by the Germans in this locality. We were holding 
the high commanding ground which he had held; and, though 
tired with almost three weeks fighting, and though our ranks 
were thin from our losses, the spirit and morale of the men was 
exceptionally high. All through the division the idea per- 
meated that we could take ground with slight odds if we had 
sufficient time to make the necessary preparations. 

The consolidation and strengthening of our lines continued 
during the remaining time we spent in this sector, and, except 
for slight raiding parties, which were repulsed, the enemy made 
no effort to eject us. 




Molleville Farm Ruint 








L^i#** 






Trenches taken from Germans on hills overlooking "Death Valley" 



BUTCHER AND KEATING 



After the taking of Etrayes Ridge our lines remained sta- 
tionary except here and there where a little knoll was occupied, 
with the idea of making our lines more secure. Those machine 
gun companies that had gone over with the assaulting waves 
were relieved and fresh units sent in their places. 

There was, however, a great deal of artillery activity on 
the part of the enemy. Barrages of long duration and of great 
severity were placed on the valleys and ravines occupied by 
our troops every day. These usually fell on us from 4.30 to 
C.30 in the morning and from 4.30 until 8 o'clock in the evening. 
These hours were undoubtedly selected by the enemy with 
the idea of breaking up relief troops and with interfering with 
the transportation of food to the troops in the lines. Everyone 
looked for these hymns of hate at the hours mentioned and 
when they started all activity was stopped, men taking shelter 
wherever it was available. 

At this stage of our adventures an incident happened 
which filled the entire machine gun personnel with sorrow. 
The 26th Division was holding a sector on our right. This 
division was ordered to extend its lines, causing it to move 
slightly forward in order to further strengthen our positions on 
the east bank of the river. Orders were received to take every 
precaution against a counter attack, particularly at the point 
where our division joined with the 26th Division. 

A platoon of the 114th Machine Gun Company was placed 
in position on the forward slopes of Moleville Woods, with or- 
ders to fire a barrage during the advance, directly in front of 
the spot where these two divisions joined. At dusk on the 
evening preceding the attack, positions were selected as desig- 
nated, by this machine gun platoon, and its equipment installed 
in order to be ready when needed. That night the Germans 
shelled very intensely the ground this machine gun platoon had 
selected, with both shrapnel and gas, and the platoon went 
into a nearby dug-out to escape the effects of this shelling unti'i 
the next morning, when they would be called upon to deliver 
their fire. The platoon took the necessary precautions to 
guard themselves against gassing, but evidently a great quan- 



40 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

i:ity of gas had collected in the unguarded dug-out before the 
platoon had entered it. 

Consequently, before the next morning the men of this 
platoon were in a serious condition and had to be evacuated 
to the hospital. It happened that Captain Keating, command- 
ing the 114th Machine Gun Company, came upon the scene on 
a tour of inspection shortly before the time the platoon was 
ordered to fire its barrage; and, finding that he had not enough 
men left to properly man the guns, summoned aid from Com- 
pany B, 111th Machine Gun Battalion, which happened to be 
the nearest machine gun company. Captain Butcher, its com- 
mander, came over to Captain Keating's gun positions to ascer- 
tain the difficulty and see what could be done, and as time for 
the attack had almost arrived, these officers decided to man the 
guns themselves and fire the barrage in accordance with the 
orders. The shelling in the meantime had become very intense 
and there was not time enough to change the positions of the 
guns before the hour of the attack. Taking their places at the 
machine guns with a couple gunners they had secured to man 
the other guns, they opened fire at the hour designated. The 
Germans evidently had spotted the location of these guns, and 
increased the intensity of their shelling on this locality. After 
firing for three minutes a large caliber shell struck immediately 
in front of this gun and killed both officers and the enlisted men 
with them instantly. Their devotion to duty resulted in each 
being awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, posthumously. 
Their bodies were recovered during this shelling by comrades 
who volunteered for this purpose. 

The 26th Division had a real struggle, but, finally occupied 
the ground desired, and our position there, placed in 
our hands extremely valuable and commandable terrain. 
Shortly before manning the guns Captain Keating sent the 
following message to the 111th Machine Gun Battalion: "Men 
sent to fire barrage are casualties. Have summoned Butcher and 
he and I will help man guns and deliver barrage as ordered. 
(Signed) KEATING." 

Both of these officers had but recently been promoted to 
the rank of captain and Keating's promotion arrived the day be- 
fore he was killed. These young men were very popular with 
their companies and their death was indeed a hard blow to the 
entire machine gun personnel. Men in their companies gave 
them as fitting a burial as circumstances would permit, erecting 
the best crosses over their graves that they could possibly con- 
struct. 



DURING THE VERDUN OFFENSIVE 



What has gone before us is but an outline of three weeks 
of hard fighting and is not in any sense a detailed account of 
the many activities of the machine gunner, rather, it is a series 
of the more prominent events of our offensive. I, therefore, 
shall enumerate in an effort to do justice to many of the men 
who rendered very exceptional service, a general account of 
some of the adventures which were sensed by those not actually 
manning the machine guns, or accompanying the assaulting 
troops. 

Our advance, which commenced October 8th, owing to the 
surprise of the attack, was at first made with exceptional rapid- 
ity. For safety's sake the rolling kitchens could not be brought 
up close to our front lines. All cooking equipment is rather 
bulky and the smoke of the fires is an excellent tell-tale and 
target for the enemy artillery. Consequently, such prominent 
objects could not be taken close to the front, and even when 
they were moving forward a great deal of caution was neces- 
sary. 

However, an army to fight must be fed. After the attack 
had progressed several days food was not being gotten to the 
men in the advance in a satisfactory manner, and, after a con- 
ference, it was decided to move the kitchens as far forward 
as possible and get a hot meal served to everyone. To put this 
plan into effect the ration carts were stocked to capacity and 
after midnight about October 15, these kitchens moved to rav- 
ines and woods very close to the front lines. Here they made 
themselves as secure and as difficult to observe as possible and 
commenced immediately the preparation of hot food, which 
was carried to the front line. The receipt of hot food to a tired 
and hungry soldier had a great deal to do with the success of 
the outfit. 

When daylight came the smoke from these ravines was 
noted by the enemy and his artillery immediately commenced 
shelling the localities occupied by the same. The horses had 
been previously unhitched and taken to as secure places as 
could be found. Several direct hits were made on these 
kitchens and on the horses and on the following night it was 



42 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 

necessary to take them to the rear again, but during the brief 
stay near the front lots of good hot food was gotten to the men, 
otherwise they subsisted mainly on canned goods, which was 
eaten cold, but with none the less relish. Not too much praise 
can be given to the cooks and kitchen personnel, who never let 
an opportunity go by to get food to the front when possible. 

There is no sufferer in the entire war who deserves morel 
credit and who probably gets less than the horse. Through 
shell fire these faithful animals at all times were taken up and 
down the roads hauling the supplies of war. When the shelling 
became very severe the men could run to cover, but, unfortu-- 
nately, the horse, hooked to a heavily loaded wagon could do 
nothing but stand in the road amidst these shells until the 
firing was over. Out of twelve machine gun companies whose 
carts were drawn by horses, in the 29th Division, one hundred 
and forty-two horses were killed and twenty-seven wounded. 
A severe wound to a horse is practically equivalent to death. 
There is little that can be done except to kill the animal quickly 
and put it out of its misery. 

The men who had these animals in charge became greatly 
attached to them and as a general rule horses were given all 
the attention that one could reasonably expect. 

At night time the "mule skinner" can be found with his 
cart, taking supplies to the front. Along shelled roads you will 
find him, sitting on the seat of his cart with a great deal of un- 
concern. I have always contended that "mule skinners" are 
fatalists. One of them, about to start for the front over a road 
then being shelled, waited a while for the shelling to stop and 
upon its failure to do so, went forward with the following 
remark: "I might as well go, because if one of those shells has 
your name on it its going to get you, and if it hasn't you are 
alright." 

Then, too, a great deal of credit for the success of all oper- 
ations is due to the adjutants of the various battalions with their 
runners and messengers. Once the orders are issued it is the 
duty of this force to see that these orders are gotten to all the 
outfits concerned, without delay, regardless of the circum- 
stances. Through bombardments and the like, these fellows go 
forward and return. Their fortitude and energy are often the 
means of saving many lives. 

No story would be complete without a tribute to the sani- 
tary troops, who during an engagement act as stretcher bearers. 
Getting in the wounded and rendering first aid is their portion. 
Going about throughout the battle these fellows are over on 
the alert to rescue some fellow who has been struck and to 
get him back to the dressing stations in time. 

The last solemn ceremony is simple. The battalion chap- 
lains and burial parties tenderly bring in those who have "gone 



THE BLUB AND GRAY DIVISION 43 

west," and lay them away in some secluded spot. The burial 
details must often take serious chances to get the body of a de- 
parted comrade, but there is no danger a soldier will court 
quicker than to recover all that is mortal of a departed buddy. 
It may be a matter of comfort to those who read these pages to 
know that there was not a machine gunner in the 29th Division 
whose body was not fittingly laid at rest. 

In these paragraphs I have briefly but, nevertheless, genu- 
inely sought not to overlook a few of the many services ren- 
dered by the men in the machine gun companies, without which 
no army would be a success. To them as well as the actual 
gunners, goes whatever credit may be due the machine gun 
organizations of the "Blue and Gray" Division. 

On the night of the 29th and 30th of October our division, 
was relieved and by a series of marches, finally reached the 
city of Bar le Due, about thirty miles in the rear, where it was 
quartered in the neighboring villages. Here we received thou- 
sands of replacements to fill the ranks made vacant by those 
who had been killed or wounded. Our equipment was over- 
hauled and everything made ready for another operation, 
which we all knew would be but a matter of days. 

On the 11th day of November while the units were on the 
road preparing to march to take part in a big offensive on the 
city of Metz, word came that the armistice had been signed. It 
is needless to say that the celebration following the receipt of 
this information was all that could be expected. At last the 
war was over. 



iFranr^ 



All day long, incessantly, midst damp and hail and sleet, 

A thousand cannon vent their spleen with thunder, crash and shriek; 

And answering back a withering hail of fire and steel and shell, 

Convert God's verdant acres from a Paradise to Hell; 

And those who wound and toil and slay across that bloody lea 

Are like in image unto him who died on Calvary. 

Where once the shepherd led his flock and reaper gleaned the hill, 
Where plowman toiled across the plain and lark songs broke the still. 
Where vineyards in exuberance and lowing herds in peace, 
Is gripped in death — destruction — and trammeled by war's feet; 
The hills and streams the painter caught and pictured on the cloth. 
Were torn and rent and soaked with blood, in measureless chaos. 

And every sun that rises so red and moves across the sky. 

Sees hundreds writhe in misery, sees countless thousands die; 

Sees homes before the vandal torch that perished into flame, 

Sees Church spires crash and crumble, sees marble columns maimed, 

Sees virgin maidenhood destroyed, and childhood's laughter sapped, 

Ah God of Hosts, yours were the hordes that fought to win it back. 

Oh wounded earth that bears the scars of wars great tragedy, 

A million hearts have ceased to beat to win a foot of thee; 

Yet ye have ris'n from out of night and now gaze on a dawn. 

Such as no mortal of your land has e'er before gazed on, 

And every heart that gave its blood in those your anguished hours, 

Is blooming o'er your land again, each heart a crimson flower. 



SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES 



CASUALTIES of the 

Machine Gun Units of the 29th Division 
"Blue and Gray'' 





O (I, 
3 3 


mo 

^- 
It 


Mo 

(jq'3 


o 

E 


llOth Machine Gun Battalion 

Officers 




7 

1 

10 



17 



4 

1 

3 



7 

1 
13 



14 



28 


13 

2 

8 

1 
15 


24 

1 
13 


3 
19 

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5 
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23 


63 


16 

1 
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3 


Men . _ 


40 


111th Machine Gun Bsttalion 

Officers 


4 


Men 


140 


112th Machine Gun Battalion 

Officers 


5 


Men 


144 


113th Regimental Machine Gun Company 

Officers 


2 


Men 


35 


114th Regimental Machine Gun Company 

Officers 


2 


Men - 


81 


115th Regimental Machine Gun Company 

Officers 





Men 


47 


116th Regimental Machine Gun Company 

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3 


Men 


62 







Totals 



64 I 119 I 385 I 568 



46 



THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



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111th Machine Gun Battalion 

112th Machine Gun Battalion 

113th Regt. Machine Gun Company- . 
114th Regt. Machine Gun Company. 
115th Regt. Machine Gun Company.. 
116th Regt. Machine Gun Company-. 



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CASUALTIES OF ENLISTED MEN 



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110th Machine Gun Battalion 

111th Machine Gun Battalion 

112th Machine Gun Battalion 

113th Regt. Machine Gun Company. 
114th Regt. Machine Gun Company 
115th Regt. Machine Gun Company 
116th Regt. Machine Gun Company. 
Total 



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13 
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24 
13 
115 



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23 

63 

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36 

373 



40 

140 

144 

35 

81 

47 

62 

549 



AMMUNITION EXPENDED BY MACHINE GUN UNITS 

of the 29th Division— "B/ue and Gray" 

North of Verdun, October 8 to 30, 1918 

Ammunition 
Fired 

110th Machine Gun Battalion 140,000 

111th Machine Gun Battalion 154,000 

112th Machine Gun Battalion 185,000 

113th Regt. Machine Gun Company 10,000 

114th Regt. Machine Gun Company 10,000 

115th Regt. Machine Gun Company 10,000' 

116th Regt. Machine Gun Company 40,000 

Total - 549,000 



THE BKUE AND CxRAY DIVISION 



47 



RECORDS OF ANIMALS AND MATERIAL IN ACTION 

North of Verdun, October 8 to 30, 1918 











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108 



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115 



*115th REGIMENTAL MACH5NE GUN COMPANY 



Jarman, Carey, Captain 
Jefferis, Charles R., Captain 
Wiegard, Bernard J., 1st Lt. 
Wier, John M. Jr., 1st Lt. 
Bennett, Charles I., 1st Lt. 
Nimme, William F., 1st Lt. 
Zenker, Charles W., 2nd Lt. 
Rowe, Raymond D., 2nd Lt. 



Cassell, Clair F., 2nd Lt. 
Parlett, Guy C, 2nd Lt. 
Kaiser, John R., 2nd Lt. 
Solomon, Ralph, 2nd Lt. 
Bowker, Charles D., 2nd Lt. 
Markham, Robert T., 2nd Lt. 
Dempsey, George A., 2nd Lt. 



ENLISTED MEN 



Adair, Burnay M. 
Allen, Rentford 
Anderson, Thomas L. 
Atherton, Carlysle W. 
Ball, Albert E. 
Basil, William H. 
Beyer, John H. 
Bennett, Andrew A. 
Boettcher, John E. 
Boucher, John L. 
Bowers, Kenneth 
Brady, Bernard M. 
Brady, Bernice 
Bright, Joseph 
Bromley, Wilson, Jr. 
Brown, John H. 
Burke, William H. 
Busby, Ben. T. 

Camp, Robert H. 

Campbell, William H. 

Carter, Arthur McD. 

Cecil, Hugh C. 

Chambers, William N. 

Churchill, Glinnis C. 

Clark, Frederick 

Clark, Samuel E. 

Cole, Howard E. 

Conn, James H. 

Copper, Elmer D. 

Cover, Herbert F. 

Crav/ford, Charles H. 

Crawley, George A. 

Davidson, Joseph S. 

Davison, Arima S. 

Deaton, Mathew L. 

De Petris, Joseph 

Duyer, Colin F. 

Faust, William 0. 

Fiesler, Howard M. 

Floyd, William J. 

Ford, Ernest J. 

Frank, Joseph E. 

Frazier, Samuel R., Jr. 

Frock, William B. 

Gadd, John M. 

Gebhardt, George J. 

Gingerick, Harry 



Glassburg, Ellis 
Goad, Cecil H. 
Gormley, Phillip P. 
Gortweitz, Andrew 
Gray, Lawrence E. 
Greve, Fred H. 
Grove, Henry N. 
Hallberg, Gustave 
Hai'kum, William U. 
Harshman, George 
Hawkins, James 
Hemby, Sam 
Hetzel, Earl H. 
Keying, Louis 
Hilditch, Melvin 
Hill, Lee 

Hinton, Thomas E. 
Hoff, Louis M. 
Holden, Gary N. 
Hollinghead, Ben. F. 
Hopkins, Samuel E. 
Horton, Jesse F. 
Hoyt, James L 
Janiello, Ugo 
Kangas, Uno W. 
Keene, James A. 
Kimball, Charles H. 

Knepp, George F. 

Lannon, William F. 

Lassonde, Edward F. 

Lawson, Charles 

Long, George A. 

MacTnnis, Samuel W. 

McBride, John C. 

McGuckian. George C. 

McCallum, Ernest 

McMahon, James W. 

McNew, Wilbur H. 

Maddox, Dalton 

Menzica, Francisco 

Michael, James A. 

Miller, George W. 

Miller, Harry W. 

Miller, Oliver 

Mitchell, John L. 

Moore, Robert L. 

Moran, John 



116 



THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



Nanny, Oliver 
Newkirk, Andrew M. 
O'Melia, James P. 
Panowitz, Thomas 
Parkinson, William H. 
Pasckiewiez, Thomas 
Petty, George 
Pillsbury, Clyde F. 
Pitts, Reuben C. 
Podell, Richard R. 
Poole, Willie B. 
Popham, George S. 
Porter, Edgar E. 
Posey, Lee A. 
Prather, Talmadge L. 
Price, John R. 
Pritchard, Fred D. 
Purk, Albert 
Purnell, Frank 
Raycraft, Joseph 
Quast, Herman 
Ringle, Glen W. 
Roenbeck, Frank A. 
Rogers, Howard H. 
Rose, Delford D. 
Russell, Herbert W. 
Russell, Jesse C. 
Sabin, Arthur 
Sadaukas, Vincent 
Saffran, Joe W. 
Sanders, Thomas F. 
Fandsbury, Edgar E. 
Schulz, Louis W. 
Fcible, Gordon L. 
Shay, Daniel 
Shelangoskie, Stephen 



Shields, Francis E. 
Shipley, Harold B. 
Shupak, Louis V. 
Slepy, William 
Smart, Rowley P. 
Smith, Clifton J. 
Smith, Marion D. 
Soble, Lyman C. 
Spence, Henry J. 
Spence, William M. O. 
Standridge, Boyd 
Stewart, Alton E. 
Strange, Kenton W. 
Stroud, Harvey 
Sullivan, Daniel 
Swag'ler, James E. 
Thoma.s, George C. 
Tongue, Henry McP., Jr. 
Townsend, Hulbert P. 
Trasch, George 
Treadwav, Wendall D. 
Trott, Walter R. 
Van Arnum, John R. 
Walter, George 
Waterfall, George 
Watts, Andrew 
Wayson, Wesley A. 
Weil, Otto N. 
White. Arthur B. 
Whitehead, Henry 
Whitehead, Mortimer 
Widger, Harvey E. 
William, Arthur 
Williams, Oscar 
Worthington, H. L 
Yates, Robert H. 



FORMER MEMBERS 



Abbott, Ruth 
Ackinson, George W. 
Aldridge, George W. 
Ayres, Robert R 
Barnes, Charles H. 
Barnett, John E 
Barrett, Robert L. 
Bas'l. Thomas G 
Bernstein, Samuel 
Bieilaski, Fred 
Beck, Henry C. 
Boettcher, Henry J. 
Brady, Albert J. 
Brazil, Albert 
Breckenridge, Virgil H. 
Burdett, Harry M. 
Carr, Benjamin S. 
Cotras, Joseph F. 
Clark, Albert 
Claude, Lawrence 
Conner, Jesse 



Creswell, John B. 
Daulbaugh. Joseph B. 
Deckret, Alfred 
Coering, William C. 
Dolan, James T. 
Dyar, Ernest F. 
Ellwood, Stephen C, Jr. 
Emerson, E. 
Falice, Joseph S. 
Farris, Percy E. 
Fenwick. Thomas N 
Fonara, Michael 
French, William H. 
Gladden, James M. 
Goodwin, James 
Graham, Joseph W. 
Graham, Thomas B. 
Green, Albert G. 
Grossman, A. J. 
Gunning, Andrew J. 
Hayden, Howard 



THE BLUK AND GRAY DIVISION 



117 



Hill, W. B. 
Holley, Andreas Z. 
Hollingsworth, Karl 
Johnson, Joseph R. 
Jamison, William E. 
Kohlhepp, R. C. 
Lackey, Charles W. 
Lee, Augustus J. 
Lesnau, John N. 
Liberto, John 
Lutz, James A., Jr. 
McCrone, Samuel H. 
Mahoney, John M. 
Mattiozzi, Mariano 
Minton, Pat W. 
Mollow, Daniel 
Morris, Walter 

Muchanke, Michael 

Newton, Clarence 0. 

Nicholson, William G. 

Odendahl, Nathan 0. 

O'Melia, Joseph 

Osburne, Edward R . 

Parker, B. A. 

Parkinson, Maximillian 

Phillips, Jeremiah 

Poweiil, Joseph F. 

Price, Williard T. 

Pronek, Jerry J. 

Puncheon, Chas. W. 

Rawlings, Frank T. 

Rigby, Robert 



Roberts, Thomas 
Rose, Steven C. 
Rowe, Francis J. 
Russell, George J. 
Scheeler, John B. 
Schell, Thomas E. 
Schofield, Samuel 
Shoopman, Other A. 
Smedley, Randle K. 
Smith, E. J. 
Smith, Howard 
Smith, James 
Spriggs, William H. 
Strange, Edward R. 
Swider, Kaiser 
Teeters, James 
Thayer, Harry L. 
Timmons, George W. 
Truitt, William B. 
Turner, Fulton 
Watwood, John W. 
Weber, William J . 
Weeks, Raymond E. 
Welch, Richard 0. 
White, Walter 
Wilson, Albert 
Wilson, Robert P. 
Wingate, William R. 
Wolfe, James W., Jr. 
Woodhouse, Allen C. 
Woodward, Nicholas N. 
Yarbrough, Jesse G. 



•Note: Information as to Rank. Age. Native State, Actions engaged in, and 
Casualties, not available. 



118 



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ROSTER 

of Officers and Men of 
Blue and Gray Division 

From November 1, 1918, to Demobilization 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 



125 



HEADQUARTERS COMPANY, 
110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Goetz, Albert M Pvt. 32 Ohio 



Heesch, Fred R Pvt. 



23 



Neb. 



SANITARY DETACHMENT, 
110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Finkenstein, Theo. L Pvt. 22 Pa. 

COMPANY "A", 110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Post, Byron T 1st Lieut. 

Barnwell, Isaac H 1st Lieut. Tenn. 

Willis, Francis D 2nd Lieut. Ga. 

Rohret, Adam P 2nd Lieut. Iowa 

Petry, Harry 2nd Lieut. 

McCandless, Raymond 2nd Lieut. Neb. 

Purinton, Francis 2nd Lieut. Iowa 

Knepper, Harry R Sgt. 28 Ind. 

Olding. Herman H Sgt. 26 Ky. 

Ring, Howard H Sgt. 27 Ky. 

Riordan, Gerald T Sgt. 25 Ky. 

Craig, David E Corp 29 Ohio 

Haisch, William F Corp. 21 Ky. 

Wickenmeyer, Clifford Corp. 27 Ky. 

Young, Clarence W Corp. 29 Ky. 

Timmister, Edward Cook 30 Ky. 

Reiger, Fred W Cook 23 Ky. 

Remy, John E Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Ohio 

CaldWell, Claude Pvt. 22 Ky. 

Daugherty, Elmer Pvt. 22 Md. 

Morris, James Pvt. 32 Calif. 

Rice, Alex L Pvt. 31 Ind. 

Silvey, John P Pvt. 19 N. J. 

Valentine, David Pvt. 24 Ohio 

COMPANY "B" 110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Morgan, George B 1st Lieut. 

Post, Byron T 1st Lieut. 

Slaughter, Walter 2nd Lieut. 

Whitnel, Josiah 2nd Lieut. 

Bischoff, Geo. J Sgt. 25 Ky. 

Gastreich, John J Sgt. 29 Ky. 

Gully, Leslie W Sgt. 27 Ky. 

Hilker, Charles L Sgt.. 28 Ky. 



126 



THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



COMPANY "B," 110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION — Cont. 

Name. Rank. Age. State. 

Pauen, John H Sgt. 32 Ky. 

Schaar, David G Sgt. 22 Ky. 

Unkraut, Grover Cook 26 Ky. 

Bailey, Walter E Pvt. 28 Ohio 

Berkley, Aaron A Pvt. 26 Ky. 

Bischoff, Joseph J Pvt. 23 Ohio 

Burnside, Arthur J Pvt. 28 Ky. 

Ehman, Nicholas A Pvt. 23 Ohio 

Hildreth, Fred D Pvt. 27 Ohio 

James, Arnold Pvt. 23 Ind. 

Lorenz, Alphonse J Pvt. 26 Ky. 

McConkey, Arley E Pvt. 27 Ohio 

Luyet, Peter Pvt. 25 Ohio 

Taylor, Culver J Pvt. 23 Ind. 

Tuley, Wm. L Pvt. 23 Ind. 

Vance, Fred S Pvt. 27 Ohio 

Varner, George F Pvt. 22 Ohio 

Warner, Edwin G Pvt. 24 Ohio 

Witten, Bernard G Pvt. 23 Ohio 

HEADQUARTERS COMPANY, 
111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Conary, Arthur H Major 35 Minn. 

Holmstrom, Earl W Sgt. 21 Iowa 

Rabbitt, Edwin Corp. 23 Iowa 

Anderson, Lawrence Cook 32 Ky. 

Adams, William F Wag. 25 N. J. 

Hall, Samuel T Wag. 23 

Luther, Philip J Pvt. 1st CI. 27 



SANITARY DETACHMENT, 
111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 

Name. Rank. Age. 

Clear, John J Pvt. 27 

Head, James K Pvt. 27 

Waldo, John W Pvt. 24 



state. 

N. Y. 
Ga. 

Idaho 



COMPANY "A", 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 

Name. Rank. Age. State. 

Benbrook Albert 1st Lieut. 30 Mich. 

Thompson, Walter B 1st Lieut. 26 Iowa 

Hildreth, Emmett F 2nd Lieut. 24 Ala. 

Royer, John W 2nd Lieut. 22 Va. 

Baker, Cloyd Sgt. 25 111. 

Billups, Samuel Sgt. 24 111. 

Cline, Orval K Sgt. 23 111. 

Hutchinson, Gary W Sgt. 24 111. 

Johnston, Edward . Sgt. 24 111. 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 



127 



COMPANY "A," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. 

Name. Hank. Age. State. 

Lowry, Verne Sgt. 25 Mo. 

Martin, Ira J Sgt. 27 Ohio 

Paul, Frank J Sgt. 23 111. 

Pifer, William Sgt. 26 111. 

Purchase, Thomas A hgt. 25 N. J. 

Shelton, Samuel Sgt. 30 111. 

Ahrens, Chris J Corp. 25 Ohio 

Claybourn, Harlie P Corp. 24 111. 

Hall, Josh Corp. 29 Ky. 

Hawkridge, James Corp. 21 N. J. 

Kaffits, Clarence Corp. 23 111. 

Montgomery, Carl Corp. 24 111. 

Pearson, John K Corp. 24 Ky. 

Pratt, John L Corp. 28 Ohio 

Roembeck, Frank Corp. 23 Ky. 

Rutherford, Orlie Corp. 27 111. 

Sexton, Fred Corp. 24 111. 

Zimmer, Ener Mech. 26 111. 

Ziegler, Clem Mech. 22 111. 

Neuahus, Frank Mech. 22 Ky. 

Hunt, Jess H. Shoer 24 111. ' 

Morris, Robert Bugler 23 HI. 

Baldwin, George Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Iowa 

Bradley, Lewis Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Kansas 

Brammer, Avory Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Ky. 

Brickson, Rolf Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Colo. 

Connell, Will Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Ky. 

Connelly, James C Pvt. 1st CI. 26 N. J. 

Grissom, Edgar Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Texas 

Karch, John W Pvt. 1st CI. 25 HI. 

Kennedy, Jess Pvt. 1st CI. 25 HI. 

McAllister. Jess Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Ohio 

McDaniel, Enos Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Ky. 

Penfield, Melvin Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Colo. 

Picket, John F Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Conn. 

Rowsey, Elmer Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Okla. 

Stevens, Robert Pvt. 1st CI. 23 HI. 

Taylor. Frank Pvt. 1st CI. 29 Colo. 

Weil, Edward Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Ohio 

Whisenhaunt, Alva Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Il|. 

Whisenhaunt, Joseph Pvt. 1st CI. 23 HI- 

Ashley, Gordon Pvt. 21 Ala. 

Allen, Alexander Pvt. 23 111. 

Allenson, John "Pvt. 27 Texas 

Allmond, John P Wt. 28 Del. 

Andress. Winfield Pvt. 31 Del. 

Bitz. William Pvt. 24 Mass. 

Bradley, Louis Pvt. 27 Kansas 

Brenk, William Pvt. 28 111. 

Brown, Robert Pvt. 22 Texas 

Burton, Louis Pvt. 30 Texas 

Bvrne, John L Pvt. 28 Colo. 

Chimiel, John L Pvt. 24 N. J. 

Chenos, Sam Pvt. 28 Iowa 

Cody, Patrick Pvt. 25 Iowa 

Corns, Raymond S Pvt. 27 Iowa 

DeRose, Dominick Pvt. 28 Wash. 



128 



THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



COMPANY "A," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION — Cont. 

Name. Rank. Age. State. 

Marschall, Nicholas Pvt. 23 Minn. 

Smith, David E Pvt. 25 Texas 

Sones, Guy F Pvt. 26 Texas 

Sturgess, Emerson Pvt. 25 Va. 

Throne, Henry Pvt. 24 



COMPANY "B", 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Miller, Thomas R Capt. 29 Ga. 

Smarr, Robert N 1st Lieut. 26 Ga. 

Steele, Lawrence Sgt. 22 Iowa 

Bevis, Clarence A Sgt. 23 Ky. 

Boland, Albert C Sgt. 31 Ky. 

Bowman, John H Sgt. 30 Iowa 

Brinkman, George H Sgt. 26 Ky. 

Cullinan, Martin Sgt. 28 Ohio 

Gahafer, Henry P Sgt. 31 Ky. 

Gahr, George F Sgt. 27 Ky. 

Hansen, John Sgt. 25 Iowa 

Kuilema, Garret F Sgt. 26 Iowa 

McCrea, Willard Sgt. 22 Ky. 

Miller, Walter J Sgt. 24 Ky. 

Russell, Carman C Sgt. 23 Iowa 

Sims, Paul W Sgt. 25 Iowa 

Thorgesen, Anthon G Pgt. 28 Iowa 

Tiberghein, Claude W Sgt. 26 Iowa 

Townsend, Edwin B Sgt. 21 Dakota 

Westfall, Coyt M Sgt. 29 Iowa 

Worswick. Charles Sgt. 24 Iowa 

Youtsey, Ralph H Sgt. 30 Ky. 

Atwater, Beauford W Corp. 24 Iowa 

Chamberlain, James M Corp. 25 Ky. 

Daily, Daniel Corp. 23 Iowa 

Dixon, Herbert T Corp. 30 Calif. 

Drilling, Joe C Corp. 24 Iowa 

Gibson, Lawrence M Corp. 22 Kansas 

Harmless, Hugh U Corp. 23 Ind. 

Harsh, Leon G Corp. 25 Iowa 

Hatt, Reginald L Corp. 21 Iowa 

Hornug, Theodore W Corp. 26 Ind. 

Little, Lloyd Corp. 20 Iowa 

Martin, Clyde C Corp. 27 Ind. 

Messenger, Tom W Corp. 20 Iowa 

Moffitt, Max Corp. 2"^ Iowa 

Peck, Everett C Corp. 22 Iowa 

Schultz, Fredrick J Corp. 30 Ky. 

Anderson, Lawrence Cook 27 Ky. 

Levin, David H Cook 22 Iowa 

Pearson, Lloyd Cook 24 Kansas 

Behmer, Herman J Bugler 29 Iowa 

Reynolds, Eugene E Bugler 20 Iowa 

Adams, Charles Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Ky. 

Branaum, Jewett M Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Iowa 

Burkhart, Joseph H Pvt. 1st CI. 30 Ohio 

Dew, James Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Iowa 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 



129 



COMPANY "B," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION — Cont. 



Name. Hank. 

Ettinger, Clarence Pvt. 1st CI. 

Gude, Christian Pvt. 1st CI. 

Johnson, Joel O Pvt. 1st CI. 

McDonald, Patrick H Pvt. 1st CI. 

Richards, Charles J Pvt. 1st CI. 

Ryan, George T Pvt. 1st CI. 

Stanich, Chris Pvt. 1st CI. 

Vredenburg, Evan C Pvt. 1st CI. 

Weher, Raymond W Pvt. 1st CI. 

Williamson, Claude M Pvt. 1st CI. 

Barewegen, George G Pvt. 

Beal, Homer R Pvt. 

Beedlow, Anthony A Pvt. 

Bell, William H Pvt. 

Behymer, How^ard Pvt. 

Beriso, Steven Pvt. 

Blackwell, Tinch F Pvt. 

Boyle, Martin Pvt. 

Briggs, William A Pvt. 

Brooks, Tom Pvt. 

Burdette, Jesse Pvt. 

Burris, Dewey Pvt. 

Cameron, Albert Pvt. 

Clark, John J Pvt. 

Clever. Alexander S Pvt. 

Connolly, John P Pvt. 

Crume, CliflFord H Pvt. 

Dahlke, Michael A Pvt. 

Davis, Adalbert A Pvt. 

Diedrick, Frederick F Pvt. 

Eddington, Guy V Pvt. 

Egan, Francis J Pvt. 

Ferwerda. John J Pvt. 

Hartley, Ralph D Pvt. 

Hehn, Gustave Pvt. 

Heine, Kenneth Pvt. 

Hoffer, George W Pvt. 

Kenehan, Thomas J Pvt. 

Lash, Irvin L Pvt. 

McGehee, Roy W Pvt. 

Quinn, Martin E Pvt. 

Scherer, Joseph F Pvt. 

Smith, Charles F Pvt. 

Swisher, William E Pvt. 

Throne, Henry Pvt. 

Williams, Johnnie N Pvt. 



Ag(^ 



28 


Iowa 


25 


Iowa 


20 


lov/a 


26 


Ky. 


20 


Iowa 


27 


Ky. 


23 


Ariz. 


27 


Iowa 


27 


Colo. 


24 


Ohio 


23 


111. 


25 


Pa. 


26 


Ohio 


27 


Del. 


26 


Ky. 


23 


111. 


30 


S. C. 


30 


Ohio 


28 


Pa. 


23 


111. 


29 


Ala. 


20 


Iowa 


27 


Ohio 


26 


Md. 


24 


111. 


28 


111. 


25 


Mex. 


27 


Wise. 


30 


Ohio 


29 


Iowa 


26 


Ky. 


24 


Ohio 


27 


Mo. 


23 


Iowa 


28 


S. Dak 


26 


Mo. 


30 


Iowa 


26 


N. J. 


28 


Mich. 


23 


Okla. 


2"! 


Idaho 


26 


Ohio 


23 


Ohio 


27 


Ohio 


25 


Iowa 


26 


Texas 



COMPANY "C", 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Jones, Frank A ^^-Capt. 28 Md. 

Sandlin, Erie Capt. 26 Ala. 

White, Norman P Capt. 24 N. J. 

Graber, Otto J 1st Lieut. 23 Ohio 

Esty, William C 2nd Lieut. 23 Pa. 

McFall, Eugene A ,_2nd Lieut. 26 Va. 



130 



THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



COMPANY "C," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. 

^3.me. Rank. Age. State. 

?x}u-Z' ^n^"^ ?W 2nd Lieut. 26 Mass. 

Whittle, Carrol, B 2nd Lieut. 34 Md. 

Wilson, Riley V 2nd Lieut. 24 Ala. 

Anderson, Clarence E Sgt. 28 Iowa 

Boylson, John J Sgt. 24 Ky 

Carbery, Andrew C Sgt. 26 Ky 

Koehler, Harry L Sgt. 27 111.* 

Nichols, Clyde L Sgt. 28 111 

Oldham, Richard J Sgt. 24 111' 

Seiber, Lee Sgt! 24 

Phelton, Samuel E Sgt. 32 111 

Sisson, Raymond G Sgt.' 26 

Walker, Samuel E Sgt." 28 

Whittenberg, Everett C Sgt! 24 111 

Alt, Antone Corp. 31 

Baylis, Walter L Corp. 28 

Belt, Ray E IlCorp' 21 

Danbeck, Thomas W Corp 33 NY 

Fry, Gail M Corp. 21 

Kirchner, Gildra B Corp. 24 Iowa 

Koitman, William J Corp. 32 

Morris, Earl H Corp! 24 

Smith, Charles H Corp. 24 NY 

Smith, Warren H Corp. 26 111 

Williamson, William H Corn. 26 111 

Heikamp, Gorge H Cook 31 

Paak, Paul Cook 33 N. J. 

Brown, Orville E Saddler 26 

Fleissner, Charles T Saddler 29 ' Ky. 

Culbertson, Harold M Bugler 26 Ky! 

Good, Austin E Buglef 24 

Altenbaugh, Raymond L Pvt. 1st CI. 26 

Baker, Joseph M Pvt. 1st CI. .32 

Best, Weldon E Pvt. 1st CI. 28 New Mex. 

Gilmore, John A Pvt. 1st CI. 33 

Harris, Frank O Pvt. 1st €1. 28 Okla. 

Jfawxhurst, Bernard S Pvt. 1st CI. 24 

Hill, Allen B Pvt. 1st Cl! 25 Idaho 

Jarvis, Glenn Pvt. 1 pt <^\. :^9 

Johnson, Tommy R Pvt. 1st C] ^^ 

Jorgensen, Chriss IllPvt! 1st Cl! 21 Iowa 

Lockwood, James A Pvt 1 ^t n 9 

Martin William D Pvt! 1st Cl. 26 Okla. 

Millhollm, Leroy T Pvt. 1st Cl. 26 

Moreland, William E Pvt. 1st Cl. 26 Texas 

Morris, Walter B Pvt. 1st Cl. 31 Minn. 

Pratt, Benjamin H Pvt. 1st Cl 31 

Redburn, Roy Pvt. 1st Cl. 26 

Sparks, Johnnie P Pvt. 1st Cl. 21 Texas 

Stewart, Thomas T Pvt. 1st Cl. 26 

Tieaskie, Elias Pvt. 1st Cl 28 

Wilbanks, Earle E Pvt. 1st CI. 28 Texas 

Wilbanks, William B Pvt. 1st Cl. 22 Texas 

Welch, Jesse Pvt. 1st Cl. 28 Texas 

Ackerman, Joseph T Pvt. 29 

Delaney, John L Pvt. 26 

Dilbeck, George W IPvt! 26 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 



131 



COMPANY "C," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. 

Name. Rank. Age. State. 

DiMarco, Cesare Pvt. 29 111. 

Downs, Ned Pvt. 28 Okla. 

Erickson, Edwin J Pvt, 24 Minn, 

Farley, Elmer J Pvt, 24 N. J. 

Ford, Henry G Pvt. 24 N, C, 

Grover, Edwin P Pvt. ■ 24 

Hartman, Frank A Pvt. 28 N. J. 

Heeren, Harry Pvt. 32 Iowa 

Hiltz, Vincent H Pvt. 24 

Johnson, Henry M Pvt. 26 

Jones, Cyril I Pvt. 23 N. J. 

Jones, Hugh I Pvt. 23 Iowa 

Kaduce, Will Pvt. 25 Iowa 

Kemple, Grover C Pvt. 31 Nev. 

Klippel, Julius H Pvt. 30 

Kroll, Arthur C Pvt. 33 Iowa 

Marek, John Pvt. 30 Iowa 

Marwil, Bernie Pvt. 22 Texas 

McGramis, Thomas L Pvt. 23 Iowa 

Mouquin, Charles A Pvt. 32 N. Y. 

Munz, Arthur Pvt. 21 

Neal, Alva R Pvt. 22 Ind. 

O'Brien, John J Pvt. 32 N. J. 

Pellow, William H Pvt. 24 

Peterson, Emil M Pvt. 25 N. J. 

Post, James W Pvt. 26 Mo. 

Priehs, Emil M Pvt. 31 :, '[ 

Soren, Thomas F Pvt. 32 N. J. 



COMPANY "D", 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Greene, John C 1st Lieut. 31 Ohio 

Smarr, Robert N 1st Lieut. 21 Ga. 

Bashaw, Stanley Sgt. 

Beightol, Evard Sgt. 

Brinnick, William M Sgt. 

Chapman, Florian W Sgt. 25 Ohio 

Ericson, Walter O Sgt. 

Gantt, Edward J Sgt. 

Holmstron, Earl W Sgt. Iowa 

Hubaeher, Wilbur J Sgt. Iowa 

Hutchinson, Arthur J Sgt. Iowa 

King, Lloyd M Sgt. Iowa 

Knack, Harley E Sgt. Iowa 

Lange, Elmer H Sgt. 

Maxeiner, Edmund C Sgt. Iowa 

Wright, Robert L Sgt. 27 Iowa 

Asbell, Clyde Corp. 

Austin, Howard A Corp. 

DeMorris, Chester R Corp. 

Ett, Edson H Corp. 25 Iowa 

Graham, Vernon B Corp. ' T ^ \ ■ 

Hickey, Harvey H Corp. 

Knowles, Ralph A Corp. 

Kruse, Anthony F Corp. 33 Iowa 



132 



THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



COMPANY "D," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. 

Name. Rank. Age. State. 

Newsum, Herman C Corp. 

Plotner, Charles E Corp. 24 Iowa 

Roberts, David C Corp. 

Rodenborn, David J Corp. 22 Iowa 

Sampson, Lawrence Corp. Iowa 

Scott, Wallace R Corp. 

Wall, Edward R Corp. 

Weis, Elmer A Corp. 

Johnson, Bert T Mech. 2« Dakota 

Good, Austin E Bugler 25 111. 

Burgess, Harry A Pvt. 1st CI. 20 Iowa 

Cole, David B Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Texas 

Davis, Eugene Pvt. 1st CI. 29 Texas 

Doerning. John H Pvt. 1st CI. 

Hansen, Hans P Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Iowa 

Hintcc, Robert Pvt. 1st CI. 

Hyde, Adam Pvt. 1st CI. 

Jensen, Thor V Pvt. 1st CI. 

Johnson, Jess H Pvt. 1st CI. 26 HI. 

Morrison. Horace Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Texas 

Padilla, Jose R Pvt. 1st n. 26 Colo. 

Sonnamaker, Frank F Pvt. 1st <^1. 23 Texas 

Tieaskie, Elias Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Okla. 

Wasson, Herman C Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Texas 

Fieri, John Pvt. 23 111, 

Galluzzo, William Pvt. 23 111. 

Heil. Frank Pvt. 28 111. 

Hollingsworth, Rolla Pvt. 24 Iowa 

Johnson, Edward R Pvt. 20 Okla. 

Johnston. Edward G Pvt. 24 111. 

Keller, Walter B Pvt. 36 N. J. 

Klaas, George Pvt. 23 Iowa 

Kowalig. Peter Pvt. 28 IlL 

Kozak, Tonv Pvt. 24 N. J. 

Lunquist, Walter Pvt. 19 Iowa 

Mertyles, Frank Pvt. 31 Mich. 

Quintana, Jose E Pvt. 23 New Mex. 

Rivers, Bert M Pvt. 40 Minn. 

Stang, Lawrence W Pvt. 24 N. J. 

Taylor. George W Pvt. 24 Okla. 

Waxweiler, Carl Pvt. 27 111. 



HEADQUARTERS COMPANY, 
112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Moakley, James I 1st Lieut. 48 N. J. 

Hanes, Richard N Sgt. Major 24 Va. 

Mcafee, Hamer D Corp. 24 Ohio 

Sand, James C Cook 32 Ohio 

Hopkins, Carl Wag. 23 W. Va. 

Lassiter, Fred J Wag. 26 Ohio 

Miller, Benjamin A Wag. 25 111. 

Will, Charles E Wag. 23 111. 



>Lge. 


State 


21 
2 7 


Va. 
D. C 



tge. 


state 


26 


Idaho 


22 


Conn. 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 133 

ORDINANCE DETACHMENT, 
112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 

Name. Rank. 

Futrelle, Little B Sgt. Ord. 

Sharp, Paul W Sgt. Ord. 

SANITARY DETACHMENT, 
112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 

Name. Rank. 

Gadd, Samuel W Pvt. 

Krasicki, Adam Pvt. 

COMPANY "A", 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 

Name. Kank. Age. State 

Gatlin, Wm. A 1st Lieut. 26 Fla. 

Petter, Stanley ^nd Lieut. 23 Ky. 

Callahan, John M Sgt. 

Kirke, Edward Sgt. 25 1 . 

Marberry, Frank Sgt. 25 l . 

Hogg, Guy W._- Corp. 29 lU. 

Cameron, Cortex J Cook 27 Uhio 

Haag, Louis W Pvt. 1st CI. 26 Ind. 

Baker, Harrey J Pvt. 23 incl. 

Cahill Floyd H Pvt. 25 Oho 

Leimenstoll, Darell D Pvt. 24 Ohio 

Roberts, Clarence H. Pvt. 26 111 

Stencel, Albert Pvt. 29 Md. 

Vaughn, William T ivt. 23 1 . 

Wright, Ray F Pvt. ^3 m. 

COMPANY "B", 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 

Name. Hank. Age. State 

Bell, Bruce B i'*. ^t'^"^: H ?n^" 

Kilroy, John G 2nd Lieut. 32 lU. 

Layman, Lloyd D 2nd Lieut 23 W^ Va. 

Petter, Stanley D 2nd Lieut. 23 Ky. 

Overbey, Clinton S 2nd Lieut. 30 Mo. 

Shelton, Alger L Sgt.. 28 111. 

Albers, John H Sg • 25 Ky. 

Barth, John L Sgt. 22 Ky. 

Geiger, Millen C Sgt. 27 I. 

Hawley, Irven D Sgt. 21 ilK 

Howe, William F Sgt. 29 Ky. 

Mathis, Alvin L Sgt. 21 1 . 

Mercer, Claud P Sgt. 30 I . 

Pritchett, Henry Sgt. ^^ { • 

Taylor, Arias W Sgt. 2^ 1- 

Wilson, Ralph W Sgt. 26 I . 

Collins, Floyd G Corp. 22 IlL 

Currin, Russell A Corp. 23 Ohio 

McAfee, Hamer Corp. ^4 i . 

Morris, Roscoe Corp. ^7 ill. 

Roe, Charles E Corp. 21 Mich. 



134 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



COMPANY "B," 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION — Cont. 

Name. Rank. Age. State. 

Smith, Sturgus Corp. 

Tanner, George Corp. 

Gillespie ^ Cook 

Young, George W Bugler 

Askern, William J Pvt. 

Bissell, Oliver R Pvt. 

Bolin, Harry B Pvt. 

Burgunzi, Peter Pvt. 

Chapman, Norman Pvt. 

Cline, George B Pvt. 

Clark, George F Pvt. 

Davenport, James Pvt. 

Dolan, Thomas Pvt. 

Foil, Arthur Pvt. 

Forsythe, Gail B Pvt. 

Harry, Will J Pvt. 

Holtman, Arnold C Pvt. 

Holland, Earl C Pvt. 

Hutchins, Floyd G Pvt. 

Hyder, Terry Pvt. 

Johnson, Grant Pvt. 

Lassitere, Fred Pvt. 

Long, Charles Pvt. 

McCann, Harry B Pvt. 

Newall, Orla L Pvt. 

Price, Erwin H Pvt. 

Rauth, Loraine E Pvt. 

St. John, George Pvt. 

Ucker, Anthony L Pvt. 

Vaughn, William Pvt. 

Velkly, Thomas E Pvt. 

Verax, Harry Pvt. 

Vorys, George W Pvt. 

Webster. I ott E Pvt. 

Whipkey, Roy Pvt. 

Winchester, John G Pvt. 

COMPANY "C", 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Board, Charles B _lst Lieut. 28 Va. 

Markham, Robert T list Lieut. 26 111, 

Baldwin, Ernest G 1st Lieut. 33 Va. 

Clark, Lee A 1st Lieut. 25 Ind. 

Strang, Alfred E 2nd Lieut. 25 111. 

Baker, Charlie Sgt. 24 111. 

Brown, Troy R Sgt. 31 lU. 

Burroughs, C. D. Sgt. 29 III. 

Campbell, Geo. W Sgt. 24 IlL 

Etherton, Henry H Sgt. 28 111. 

Goostree, Herschel Sgt. 25 111. 

Huey, Joseph A Sgt. 34 IlL 

Lenzini, Joseph P Sgt. 29 IlL 

Martz, Walter H Sgt. 31 Mont. 

Simmons, Chester A Sgt. 30 lU. 

Gulp, Wendell Sgt. 25 IlL 



30 


111. 


23 


IlL 


24 


Ohio 


23 


Ohio 


24 


Iowa 


23 


Ohio 


24 


Ohio 


30 


Ohio 


21 


Md. 


25 


Ohio 


23 


Ohio 


28 


S. Dak 


25 


Ohio 


23 


Ohio 


22 


Ohio 


30 


Ohio 


23 


Ky. 


22 


Ohio 


24 


Ohio 


28 


Ohio 


23 


Ohio 


26 


Ohio 


25 


Ohio 


22 


Ohio 


23 


Ohio 


25 


Ohio 


22 


111. 


30 


111. 


24 


Ohio 


24 


IlL 


25 


Ky. 


26 


Ky. 


30 


Ohio 


24 


Ohio 


26 


111. 


30 


Ky. 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 135 

COMPANY "C," 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. 

Name. Rank. Age. State. 

Hubbard, Arthur Corp. 24 111. 

McDonald, Clyde Corp. 27 ill. 

Fenimore, Merle W Corp. 23 Ohio 

Tanner, Herman J Corp. 24 i • 

Smith, Sturgis W Corp. 31 m. 

Gors, George H Pvt. 1st C. 21 Ky. , 

Dayhoff, Raymond Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Md. 

Alexander, Harold Pvt. 29 ^y. 

Bowlus, William D Pvt. 29 Ohio 

Brunkhorst, Edwin Pvt. 24 n 

Conklin, Clifford C Pvt. 26 Oh o 

Dangle, Charles J Pvt. 23 Ohio 

Emery,' Guy Pvt. 25 HL 

Frick, William W Pvt. 33 Ohio 

Hart, Homer E Pvt. Neb. 

Srf?m^arw^uam-P.::::::::::p:t: 29 omo 

Jones, Elbert Pvt. 23 i j. 

Johnson, Harry R Pvt. 24 J}. 

Jungers, Timothy Pvt. ^4 i i. 

Kelley, Oral — 'V'l- Ig Kv 

Krick, Oliver A Pvt. ^o 

Mastor. Nicholas Pvt. ^J ij'- 

Oltz, Howard R Pvt. 23 i^a. 

Thompson, L. D Pvt. 30 m. 

Throgmorton, Norman -iPvt. ^« ^^^_ 

Morton. Harry A r-vi. ^^ 

Wall, Audie Pvt- 24 HI. 

COMPANY "D", 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 

Name. P-^nk. Age. State 

Moss, John W 1st Lieut 28 Va 

Cassels, James E 1st Lieut. 29 Florida 

Clarke, Lee A 1st Lieut. 25 Ind. 

Deitrich, Frederick 1st Lieut. 

Mitchell, Frederick 2nd Lieut. 27 111 

Schoepf, Joseph Sgt. 27 Ky. 

Bergel, Frank J Sgt.. 28 Ky. 

Dixon, Charles L Sgt. 21 I . 

Deaton, Orbe Sgt. ^j J ■ 

Johnson, George R Sgt. ^4 u ^ 

McMillan. William R Sgt. ^« ^Y- 

Oakley, Fred P Sgc. 28 lU 

Fetgatter, Daniel J Corp. 23 Ul 

Fenimore Merle Corp. z 

Berg, Arthur W ^orp. ^" 

Butler, Elijah Corp. 26 IIL 

Traxler, Frederick J Corp. 27 Oho 

West, Charles L ____Corp. 22 Ohio 

Wright, Ray F Corp. 23 1 ■ 

Hill, Gilbert Cook 26 m 

Graf Albert Mech. 27 unio 

Fahrenbaker, Russell Bugler 24 1 . 

Newton, Jacob C Bugler 26 ill. 



13G THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



COMPANY "D," 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. 

Name. Rank. Age. State. 

Avery, Loy Pvt. 1st CI. 24 111. 

Beery, Paul R Pvt. 1st CI. 26 Ohio 

Drury, Joseph Pvt. 1st CI. 22 111. 

Gilbert, Arthur W Pvt. 1st CI. 28 N. Y. 

Heinrich, John J Pvt. 1st CI. 22 Wise. 

Hufziger, Emil Pvt. 1st CI. 22 Ky. 

Jackson, Ralph E Pvt. 1st CI. 22 Ind. 

Peterson, Fred T Pvt. 1st CI. 22 111. 

Randleman, David T Pvt. 1st CI. 22 111. 

Wantland, Hugh C Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Ind. 

Ahrendt, Harold C Pvt. 1st CI. 22 Ohio 

Braden, Charles L Pvt. 22 Ky. 

Caldwell, Curtis E Pvt. 25 Ind. 

Hopkins, Carl A Pvt. 23 W. Va. 

Horstman, Heber Pvt. 23 111. 

Kelton, Charles Pvt. 22 111. 

Knutson, William J Pvt. 24 Minn. 

Main, Lucious C Pvt. 24 Wise. 

Pennill, Henry L Pvt. 23 Ohio 

River, John E Pvt. 29 Ohio 

Reed, Rov Pvt. 22 111. 

Walcutt, Edwin M Pvt. 23 Ohio 

113th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

Norton, L. F. 2nd Lieut. 111. 

Whittle, Carroll B 2nd Lieut. 35 Md. 

Butzloff, Joseph P 2nd Lieut. 22 Fla. 

Salomon, Leonard E 2nd Lieut. 21 La. 

Bevis, Clarence A Sup. Sgt. 24 Ky. 

Brinkman, George B Sgt. 25 Ky. 

Boland, Albert C Sup. Sgt. 26 Ohio 

Cullinan, Martin F 1st Sgt. 29 Ky. 

Gahr, George Sgt. 29 Ky, 

Gahafer, Henry P Stab. Sgt. 30 Ky. 

McCrea, Willard ._ Sgt. 24 Ky. 

Miller, Walter J Mess. Sgt. 25 Ky. 

D. Klesick, Winan Sgt. 25 N. J. 

Yontsey, Ralph H Sgt. o2 Ky. 

Asbell, Clyde Corp. 21 111. 

Austin, Howard A Corp. 

Bobo, William E Corp. 24 Ala. 

Graham, Vernon C Corp. 

Knowles, Ralph H Corp. 25 Mich. 

Newsum, Henon H Corp. 

Wagner, Frank Corp. 28 

Bardes, Edward Mech. 30 Pa. 

Marschall, Nicholas Pvt, 1st CI. 25 Minn. 

Newell, Lewis R._ Pvt. 1st CI. 24 IlL - 

Newlin, George Pvt. 1st CI. 

Oswald, Flyod Pvt. 1st CI. 28 Ohio 

Peterson, William Pvt. 1st CI. 24 N. Y. 

Whisenhunt, Alva D Pvt. 1st CI. 26 111. 

Whisenhunt, Joseph Pvt. 1st CI. 23 IlL 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 



137 



113th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY — Cont. 

State. 



Name. Rank 

Allan, Alexander S Pvt. 

Allmond, John P Pvt. 

Andress, Winfield J Pvt. 

Ashley, Gordon M Pvt. 

Berwegen, George H Pvt. 

Beale, Homer R Pvt. 

Beedlow, Anthony A Pvt. 

Bell, William H Pvt. 

Beriso, Stephen Pvt. 

Boyle, Martin J Pvt. 

Brenk, William K Pvt. 

Briggs, William A Pvt. 

Brooks, Tom Pvt. 

Burdette, Jesse Pvt. 

DeMarco, Ceasare Pvt. 

DeMorris, Chester Pvt. 

Egan, Francis J Pvt. 

Eddington, Guy V Pvt. 

Erickson, Edwin J Pvt. 

Ford, Henry G Pvt. 

Freiri, John Pvt. 

Galluzzo, William Pvt. 

Hiltz, Nincent H Pvt. 

Hunt, Jess Pvt. 

Klippel, Julius H Pvt. 

Pfeifer, John Pvt. 

Spencer, John W Pvt. 

Stanford, Charles Pvt. 

Stjernhelm, Esper Pvt. 

Schafer, Charles F Pvt. 

Standard, Ralph H Pvt. 

Story, Albert Pvt. 

Sparacino, Carlo Pvt. 

Snary, Fred L _Pvt. 

Strock, Oscar . Pvt. 

Shaver, Clarence L , Pvt. 

Snyders, Clarence Pvt. 

Short, Willie L Pvt. 

Smith, Charles F Pvt. 

Scherer, Joseph F Pvt. 

Spencer, Robert W Pvt. 

Smith, Orville G Pvt. 

Velarde, Venselao Pvt. 

Vourdakis, Manuel Pvt. 

Wells, Harry E Pvt. 

Waxwerler, Carl R Pvt. 

Zelenka, Frank Pvt. 



Age. 

25 

24 
25 
23 
25 

27 
27 
25 
24 
29 
27 
26 
25 
24 
28 
21 
24 
23 



Iowa 
Ohio 
Ohio 



23 


Ky. 


23 


HI. 


32 


Ind. 


31 


ni. 


28 


Okla. 


25 


New Mex, 


32 


Colo. 


24 


Okla. 


25 


111. 


27 


111. 


24 


111. 


27 


Mich. 


25 


111. 


26 


111. 


23 


111. 


28 


Texas 


23 


Ohio 


26 


Ohio 


27 


Mich. 


28 


111. 


25 


New. Mey. 


32 


111. 


26 


111. 


28 




31 


111. 



114th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY 

Name. Rank Age State 

Doran, Dennis L Capt. N. J. 

Kirchboff, Jonathan W __Capt. 26 N. J. 

Crauch, Alsev C 1st Lieut. 39 Ga. 

Graber, Otto J._ 2nd Lieut. 26 

Kinna, Frank E 2nd Lieut, 32 



138 



THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



114th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY- 

Name. Rank. Age. 

Owen, Earl C 2nd Lieut. 

Orcutt, Jack W 2nd Lieut. 27 

Rogers, Alonzo C 2nd Lieut! 26 

Turner, Fulton G 2nd Lieut. 26 

Bowman, John Sgt. 

Bashaw, Stanley Sgt. 

Beightol, Evard Sgt. 

Brinnick, William Sgt. 

Erickson, Walter Sgt. 

Gantt, Edward G Sgt. 

Hansen, John Sgt. 23 

Kuilema, Garrett F Sgt. 

Messxer, Lloyd Sgt. 

Russell, Carman C Sgt. 

Tremlbley, Edward Sgt. 26 

Burgan, Elmer Corp. 23 

Wilson, Ralph Sgt. 25 

Lorance, Benjamin Corp. 23 

LeDuke, Elmer J Corp. 23 

Martanez, Vincinti Corp. 23 

Peterson, Fred D Corp. 22 

Streeter, James ^Corp 29 

Tarver, Lloyd Corp. 27 

Watkins, Allen R Corp. 27 

Williams, Frank L Corp. 25 

Windhurst, Frank E Corp. 22 

Peterson, William ^Cook 24 

Teter, William Cook 29 

Kochevar, John Bugler 23 

Altenbaugh, Raymond H Pvt. 1st CI. 26 

Degelman, Joseph Pvt. 1st CI. 41 

Doernig, John Pvt. 1st CI. 28 

Gilmore, John Pvt. 1st CI. 32 

Hawxhurst, Bernard Pvt. 1st CI. 25 

Hyde, Adam Pvt. 1st CI. 27 

Hintch, Robert Pvt. 1st CI. 24 

Jarvis, Glenn Pvt. 1st CI. 31 

Kennedy, Jesse Pvt. 1st CI. 27 

Karch, John W Pvt. 1st CI. 25 

Lockwood, James H Pvt. 1st CI. 30 

Martin, William Pvt. 1st CI. 

Moreland, William F Pvt. 1st CI. 

Morrison, Horace Pvt. 1st CI. 

McGehee, Roy W Pvt. 1st CI. 

Merris, Walter Pvt. 1st CI. 

McAllister, Jesse Pvt. 1st CI. 24 

McDaniel, Enos Pvt. 1st CI. 29 

Millhellin, Leroy E Pvt. 1st CI. 25 

Penfield, Melvin H Pvt. 1st CI. 

Padilla, Jese Pvt. 1st CI. 

Post, James ^^.Pvt. 1st CI. 

Pratt, Benjamin H _Pvt. 1st CI. 25 

Rivers, Bert M ^^_Pvt. 1st CI. 

Redbum, Roy Pvt. 1st CL 25 

Stevenson, Floyd B Pvt. 1st CI. 22 

Sones, Guy F Pvt. 1st CL 25 

Sennemaer, Frank Pvt. 1st CI. 25 



-Cont. 

State. 

Ala. 
Florida 



Iowa 



Texas 
Minn. 
Texas 
Minn. 



Colo. 

Pa. 

N. J. 

Ky. 

Calif. 

Ohio 

Iowa 
111. 
111. 
Ind. 
S. Dak. 



Ohio 
Ky. 

Neb. 



Ohio 

in. 

Ark. 



THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 



139 



114th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY— Cont. 



Name. 



Rank. 



Age. 



State. 



Stevens, Robert Pvt. 1st CI. 

Taylor, George Pvt. 1st CI. 

Taylor, Frank M Pvt. 1st CI. 

Weber, Raymond W Pvt. 1st CI. 

Welch, Jesse Pvt. 1st CI. 

Wilbanks, William B Pvt. 1st CI. 

Wilbanks, Earl Pvt. 1st CI. 

Best, Welden Pvt. 

Baker, Joseph N Pvt. 

Brammer, Avery Pvt. 

Cole, David B Pvt. 

Davis, Eugene Pvt. 

Derose, Dominick Pvt. 

Davis, Ernest Pvt. 

Duncan, Samuel Pvt. 

Flynn, Michael Pvt. 

Foss, Charles Pvt. 

Franklin, Bud Pvt. 

Giammias, Kostis Pvt. 

Giles, Jesse D Pvt. 

Gilliland, Americus Pvt. 

Glasscock, Emmett Pvt. 

Grissen, Edgar Pvt. 

Jackson, Edgar Pvt. 

Jones, William C Pvt. 

Johnson, Jesse H Pvt. 

Kraft, Wesley Pvt . 

Lawson, James Pvt. 

Lauer, Henry H Pvt. 

Laycock, Percy Pvt. 

McDermett, Robert F Pvt. 

Padden, Floyd Pvt. 

Pritza, Eli Pvt. 

Rowsey, Elmer ____Pvt. 

Rhodes, Len J Pvt. 

Ritzus, Michel Prt. 

Smith, David Pvt. 

Sparks, Johnie P Pvt. 

Stanich, Christ Pvt. 

Stork, Joseph Pvt. 

Skiner, Tom W Pvt. 

Smith, Lennie Pvt. 

Stewart, Thomas Pvt. 

Tackett, John Pvt. 

Tiesaskia, Elias Pvt. 

Taylor, Walter J Pvt. 

Travis, Brents Pvt. 

Vaughan, Shaefer Pvt . 

Visage, Reno Pvt. 

Woodward, Charles Pvt. 

Williams, John N Pvt. 

Wassen, Herman Pvt. 

Warkentin, Herman Pvt. 

Washmen, Silas C Pvt. 

Williams, Johny N. Pvt. 

Weil, Edmund Pvt. 



22 




26 




26 




26 




27 




32 


Ohio 


25 


Ky. 


26 




24 




22 




28 


Colo. 


29 


N. J. 


24 


N. Y. 


26 


Ariz. 


28 


Colo. 


27 


Okla. 


32 


Ark. 


25 


Texas 


25 




24 


Texas 


25 


Okla. 


28 




22 


N. Y. 


25 




30 


Okla. 


26 


Texas 


26 


N. J. 


25 


N.. Y. 


24 


Colo. 


25 




30 


Okla. 


26 


Colo. 


25 




26 




27 


Kansas 


22 


Texas 


27 


Texas 


24 


Ohio 


26 




26 




24 


Okla. 


23 


Okla. 


22 


Okla. 


36 


Colo. 


32 


N. J. 


23 


Texas 


25 




23 


Okla. 


31 


Texas 


24 




25 


Ohio 



140 



THE MACHINE GUNNERS 



116th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY. 

Name. Rank. Age. State 

King, Joseph L. 2nd Lieut. 27 Va. 

Mcintosh, Moore C 2nd Lieut. 29 Ind. 

Ahren, Chris J Corp. 24 Ohio 

Pearson, John K Corp. 23 La. 

Callahan, John M Sgt. 28 Ohio 

Culp, Wendell Sgt. 24 111. 

McMillan, William R Sgt. 27 Ky. 

Durham, John Bugler 24 Florida 

Benton, Glenn Fvt. 24 Calif. 

Covault, George C Pvt. 24 Ind. 

Durham, Edward Pvt. 25 Ind. 

Kyte, John A Pvt. 35 Ohio 

Kuhlman, Fred L Pvt. 26 Iowa 

Lett, Robert B Pvt. 26 Va. 

Morgan, Daniel Pvt. 23 S. Dak. 

Meersten, George E Pvt. 24 New. Mex. 

Mangel, Henry J Pvt. 27 Iowa 

Milburn, Charley Pvt. 25 IlL 

Mclntyre, Harry M Pvt. 26 Colo. 

Mastasio, Vincenzo Pvt. 27 . N. Y. 

Pressman, Peter Pvt. 26 Iowa 

Povondra, Joseph J Pvt. 26 Neb. 

Perry, Abe J Pvt. 25 111. 

Pebbles, Myron O Pvt. 24 Ind. 

Rose, Homer McK. Pvt. 28 Texas 

Romine, Fred E Pvt. 28 Ind. 

Smith, Henry L Pvt. 42 Iowa 

Santoro, Domenico Pvt. 25 N. Y. 

Schlichting, John Pvt. 24 Iowa 

Schnieder, Edward Pvt. 25 Iowa 

Scroggie, Otto T Pvt. 26 Iowa 

Sturtevant, Harold S Pvt. 23 Iowa 

Steiger, John R Pvt. 26 Texas 

Shirk, Curtis W Pvt. 25 Iowa 

Tadlock, Jess M Pvt. 20 Neb. 

Thompson, Bert Pvt. 24 Iowa 

Toner, John B Pvt. 24 Iowa 

Tieck, Henry Pvt. 26 Iowa 

Van Essen, Arthur Pvt. 24 Iowa 

Vilimek, Frank J Pvt. 28 Iowa 

Winslow, Earl E Pvt. 27 Iowa 

Wischweh, Fred Pvt. 24 Iowa 

Walker, Frank I Pvt. 27 Iowa 

West, John B Pvt. 24 Okla. 

Webb, Geroge E Pvt. 25 Kansas 

White, Kenneth X Pvt. 27 Iowa 

Wheaton, James W Pvt. 23 Iowa 

Young, Archie L Pvt. 25 Okla. 




Harford Printing and Publishing Company 

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